Volume 2 - Chapter 21: Introduction to Controller-Based Networking Flashcards
A networking device that receiving data, processing it, and forwarding that same data is an example of a ____ ____ function?
Data Plane.
The data plane is sometimes also refered to as?
The forwarding plane.
An action that controls the data plane is refered to as a ____ ____ function.
Control Plane.
The areas marked as red and orange indicate in the diagram below?
Green: Control Plane Functions
Orange: Data Plane Functions
An action that is used to manage the network device is refered to as a ____ ____ function.
Management Plane
What type of function is described by the example below?
De-encapsulating and re-encapsulating a packet in a data-link frame (routers, Layer 3 switches)
Data Plane
What type of function is described by the example below?
IPv4 ARP Request/Reply Messages
Control Plane
What type of function is described by the example below?
Discarding a message due to a filter (access control lists [ACLs], port security)
Data Plane
What type of function is described by the example below?
Sending device logs to an external Syslog server
Management Plane
What type of function is described by the example below?
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)
Control Plane
What type of function is described by the example below?
Adding or removing an 802.1Q trunking header (routers and switches)
Data Plane
What type of function is described by the example below?
Encrypting the data and adding a new IP header (for virtual private network [VPN] processing)
Data Plane
What type of function is described by the example below?
Reading a device’s statistics using SNMP
Management Plane
What type of function is described by the example below?
A Switch learning and adding MAC addresses into its MAC address table
Control Plane
What type of function is described by the example below?
Routing protocols such as OSPF, EIGRP, RIP, BGP, etc…
Control Plane
What type of function is described by the example below?
Issuing commands to a switch using SSH
Management Plane
What type of function is described by the example below?
Matching an IP packet’s destination IP address to the IP routing table (routers, Layer 3 switches)
Data Plane
What type of function is described by the example below?
Changing the source or destination IP address (for Network Address Translation [NAT] processing)
Data Plane
What type of function is described by the example below?
Spanning-Tree Protocol
Control Plane
What type of function is described by the example below?
Matching an Ethernet frame’s destination Media Access Control (MAC) address to the MAC address table (Layer 2 switches)
Data Plane
What term best describes the following?
A chip built for specific purposes, such as for message processing in a networking device.
An ASIC chip (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit)
Describe the purpose of the Ternary Content-Addressable Memory (TCAM)
To store a switches MAC address table.
Where are most control plane management functions processed?
In IOS which utilizes a device’s CPU and RAM
The data plane function (and the control plane function of MAC learning) are processed in the ____.
ASIC
Describe the function of a distributed control plane function.
A distributed control plane function is a function that resides on each individual device. Where each device is capable of exchanging messages.
For example: OSPF, STP, EIGRP, etc….
Describe the function of a centralized control plane function.
A centralized control plane function is a function that is centrally managed by a controller. The devices that are managed by a centralized controller do not have their own control plane.
Describe the purpose of the southbound interface in regards to centralized control planes.
The southbound interface (SBI) is the interface used by the controller to manage the networking devices.
What term best describes the following?
A method for one application (program) to exchange data with another application.
An Application Programming Interface (API).
Describe the purpose of the northbound interface in regards to centralized control planes.
A NBI opens the controller so its data and functions can be used by other programs.
For example, using an API to send commands to a controller.
Describe the purpose of a REST API.
A REST API (REpresentational State Transfer) is a type of API that allows applications residing on different hosts to exchange information over a networking using HTTP
OpenDaylight Controller and Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) are both examples of?
Software Defined Networking (SDN).
What type of topology is used by Cisco ACI?
Spine & Leaf
Describe how the physical topology functions in Cisco ACI for spine switches, leaf switches, and endpoints.
- Each leaf switch must connect to every spine switch.
- Each spine switch must connect to every leaf switch.
- Leaf switches cannot connect to each other.
- Spine switches cannot connect to each other.
- Endpoints connect only to the leaf switches.
Describe the purpose of the Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller (APIC)
The APIC serves as the centralized controller for Cisco ACI.
What are the three typical separate servers that make up a web application?
- Web Server
- Application Server
- Database Server
Describe the function of intent-based networking (IBN).
A model of networking where policies are define to determine which endpoints can communicate with each other.
Describe the function of an Endpoint Group (EPG)
A EPG is a group of endpoints. The APIC will then create policies and push them to the network to restrict what EPGs can communicate with each other.
