Vol.II Flashcards
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134(g)(4)
OSHA states that “once fire fighters begin the interior attack on an interior structural fire, the atmosphere is assumed to be IDLH and paragraph 29 CFR 1910.134(g)(4) [two-in/two-out] applies.”The plug person assumes the primary 2 in / 2 out position and the engineer assumes the secondary 2 in / 2 out position.
synthetic detergent that affects the physical properties of water.Foam solution is created when 0.1 – 1.0% foam concentrate is added to water.
Class A foam, CAFS.
Why should A & B foam not be mixed
concentrates will become gelatinous and clog most foam systems.
What benefit does adding air to foam have in battling class A fires
These bubbles effectively increase the surface area of water, thereby increasing the steam conversion and allowing for a greater absorption of heat and carbonized particles.
the time it takes for a company to reach their assignment area after receiving an order?
In transit
In transit times often varies due to:
• Distance between staging and the incident • Size of the incident perimeter • Amount of equipment the company needs to assemble
a forward staging position located just outside the immediate hazard zone, safely distanced from the entrance of a tactical position/Sector.
On Deck
Who is responsible for supervising on deck crews?
The sector officer, or the company officer.
The most likely assignments for On Deck companies are:
• Reinforce a position within an assigned sector • Crew relief within an assigned sector • Any other tactical position assigned by the IC • Rapid intervention crew
Once the IC has deployed units to the critical sectors around the incident scene who is best to serve as On Deck?
Units staged, Layering On Deck crews around the fire ground will also provide the IC with the tactical reserves to manage the standard work cycle or sudden and unexpected incident events.
A crew assigned to an On Deck position will need to park their apparatus…
In a manner that does not block access to the scene.
On deck crews must also size up the area that they are assigned to, this size up should include:
• Locating the structures entrance/exit points in their assigned area • Interior and exterior conditions • Unit ID of crews operating inside the structure • Approximate location of interior crews • Identify which crews are operating each hose line
When an on deck crew is used as a relief crew, the Company Officer should do a face to face and transfer information with the officer exiting the structure. The information transferred should include:
• Interior conditions • Routing instructions to the work area • Interior obstructions • Additional tools/resources required • Sector objectives
a timely and efficient means of air replacement and re-hydration of companies while maintaining their sector assignment.
Recycling Company officers should forecast the length of time they will be working in an assigned sector and should bring spare air cylinders if necessary.
Any situation where a firefighter is unable to safely exit the hazard zone or an event that cannot be resolved by that individual within 30 seconds
Mayday
Who’s responsibility is it to maintain a high level of Mayday readiness at all times? This includes everyday preparation and prevention as well as the practiced ability to communicate and respond to a Mayday scenario.
It is every individual firefighters responsibility.
NFPA 1500 Standard defines what?
mayday readiness as the ability to “don, doff and manipulate the SCBA in zero visibility while wearing firefighting gloves.”
The most important factors for Mayday prevention begin with the following operational standards:
Working within an Incident Command System/Risk Management System Working within the Incident Action Plan Always being accountable to someone within the incident command system (Never Freelance) Maintaining individual and crew air management Management of work cycles Monitoring distances traveled into buildings Layering of resources and providing for a tactical reserve Planning and acting out an exit plan
What are the two components of mayday readiness?
Prevention and response.
Individual firefighter responsibilities for Mayday prevention include the following:
Maintaining SCBA proficiency Practicing individual air management (task level of M.P. 202.05C) Use and care personal protective equipment Portable radio proficiency and use Practiced crew communications Roving/replacement firefighter integration into crew o Individual firefighters have to be responsible to ask if not initiated by Company Officer
Company Officer responsibility for Mayday preventions include:
Integrating a daily SCBA check into the crew routine Practicing crew communication in the hazard zone Rover integration into crew o Individual rovers are responsible to ask if not explicitly discussed at the beginning of a shift Maintaining knowledge of portable radios and practicing their use Ensuring Company Officer responsibilities and expectations are clear to the entire crew Practicing and maintaining crew integrity/accountability Instilling the standard that firefighters should always stay on a hoseline
At what level should the response to an individual firefighter’s Mayday should initially be managed at?
The company level
Once the Mayday situation is recognized and reported, what should each firefighter remember?
B.O.A. = Breath, Organize and Act
What is the IAFF Fire Ground Survival training?
SCBA familiarization o High/low profile wall breech o Disentanglement o Ladder bail o Window hang o GRAB LIVES G = Check Air Gauge R = Radio for Assistance A = Activate PASS Device B = Control Breathing, Conserve Air L=StayLow I = Illuminate, Turn Flashlight On V = Make Loud Noises (Volume) E=FindAnExit S = Shield Your Airway (last ditch effort)
3 types of power outages
Local- wires, poles down feeder- damages at substations rolling blackouts- power co. will discont. power in areas to reduce power consumption
what role does the engineer play in crew accountability?
- accountability officer that tracks who takes a hand line from his apparatus - collects passports from crews entering the hot zone - places passport on discharge gate when charged - places hoseline ID tag on hoseline
contents of a passport
-small co. ID tag - helmet id stickers - hose ID tag passports 3x4 tag
what replaces the passport pouch at the discharge gate when accountability is tracked in a sector
the small company id tag replaces the passport pouch
what situations will require a PAR?
- missing or trapped FF - change from off. to def. - sudden hazardous change - every 30 min elapsed - any time command feels necessary
in a 2 in / 2 out situation what role does the engineer play
the secondary position
who will be dispatched on all 1st.Alrm or greater as an additional layer of safety?
C957 north and south or BC152 and will fill the role of a mobile AISO
ISO responsibilities?
monitors IAP, conditions, activities and operations to determine whether the fall into the risk management plan
what are the different fire line tapes and what are they used for
-yellow line tape control bystanders. - white/red hazard tape helps control firefighters -red/black no access tape identifies exclusion zones for all personnel
on a large scale incident who or what is the sector responsible for additional supplies such as AFFF, field refueling, and delivery of fire hose.
resource sector, that operates under logistics. The resource officer may be paged or calling car 614
besides high rise fires, what other operations require a lobby sector?
Hazmat. ,confined space, trench rescue, water rescue, structural collapse
3 levels of evacuation
- site evacuation, small amount of people typically workers at the site - intermediate evacuation affects offsite homes and businesses normally less than 100 people - large scale thousands of people EOC will be actiavted to manage large scale evacs
how many gallons can a buoy wall tank hold?
3000-4000 gallons
how many gallons can a bambi bucket hold?
67-96 gallons depending on air temp and humidity
what are the steps for setting up a buoy wall
- lay out 1-2 salvage cover on a flat surface clear of over head obstructions - buoy can only be filled from the bottom - fill tank slowly until until about 1 ft. of water is in then increase pressure - foam can be added when water is about 1ft from the top. APPARATUS MUST BE 150’ TO THE SIDE OF THE FLIGHT PATH
When assigned to control a landing zone, what must be done.
- lay a line - pull 2 attack lines - lines are to refill belly tanks - wet down area - provide fire protection
when approaching a helicopter what safety precautions should be taken.
- approach only after making eye contact with pilot - pilot only can refill and rearm the belly - all refilling is to be done on the right side
crews shall approach and withdraw helicopters in which manner
to the front of the aircraft within 45 degrees
should anything ever become unsafe during a landing operation what should be declared the the pilot
GO AROUND, GO AROUND, GO AROUND
landing zone should be?
-relatively flat - at least 100x100 per helo - all vehicle 200 ft. away - 60x60 touch down area
heavy loaded helicopters should have a clear path of ___ in each direction
100 yards
a helo “tail guard” shall be placed at least ___ from the tail rotor to keep the area secure
50-100 ft.
treatment areas should be at least ___ ft away pt staging areas should be ____ ft away
-Tx area 300ft -staging area 150ft
5 eng. co. functions?
-Search, rescue, tx -stretch hoselines - operate nozzles - pump hose -loss control
5 ladder functions?
search rescue & tx - vent. -forceable entry -raise ladders -utility control -operate ladder pipes
3 reasons for standardizing company operations
- reduces amount of detail of orders required to get companies into action - increase the awareness and confidence of company members operating on the fireground - assign major fireground functions to the particular company who can best accomplish the op.
3 basic information factors for determining fireground factors
- visual factors -recon factors - preplan, familiarity factors
7 fireground factors
-building ( size, roof type, age) -fire ( size extent location) -occupancy (type, contents) - life hazard ( # of occupants, Location of ocupants) - arrangement access - resources - other
what is the standard masterstream flow for tactical purposes in def. operations?
750 gpm adjustments can be made up or down but it is very significant in the intial deployment
rescue efforts carried out in what order?
- most threatened 2. largest group 3. remainder of fire area 4. exposed areas
in what zone do forward operating apparatus work in
warm zone
a 100’ length of unprotected steel will expand___ in. when heated to ____ degrees
9in, 1100 degrees
when operating a hydrant in a high rise fire situation you should be a minimum of ____ft away to avoid falling glass and debris
200ft from high rise
S.C.B.A use and proficiency shall be demonstrated both ____ & ____
quarterly & annually
when the remaining air in an scba falls from 18%-15% and personnel are still in an IDLH stmsophere and can not exit within 5 min. what must be done?
a mayday must be declared
four functions of rehab sector
A. assessment take passport to rehab for accountability B. hydration and replenishment C. medical tx and transport D. documentation E. reassignment retrieve passports fro m rehab sector officer
attack teams are made up of what?
2-1, a forward pumper being supplied 1-2 lines by a key pumper on a hydrant
4 goals of overhaul operations
1.reduces chance of a secondary fire 2. control loss 3. stabilize the incident while providing FF safety 4. preserve evidence
when placing a fan for PPV it should be __-___ ft. from opening in a ____ pattern
12-15 ft cone pattern
fans in a ___ are more effective than side by side
tandem postion
what does a delay in or limited water supply lead to?
delayed fire control, increased risk to firefighters and victims, and greater fire loss
exceptions to laying a supply line
-obvious critical rescue requiring full crew - unsure of actual fire location(apt. complex) -hydrant within 50ft
what advantages are there to laying a supply line slowly?
- reduced risk of striking pedestrians, vehicles, or firefighters -provides time for the captain to size-up & evaluate critical fireground factors -provides time for engineer to spot the apparatus
generally a non pumped engine with 500’ supply line can flow up to___ ft
800ft
5in hose can generally supply ___ gallons at ____ft away. if that line is pumped by a key pumper it cn supply ___-___gallons
1000 gallons at 1000ft 1800-1900 gallons being pumped
solid stream nozzles advantages ?
greater penetration, reach and striking power, with less steam conversion
peripheral nozzles advantages?
increased heat absorption/expansion. shorter reach. most effective in confined spaces
pump operators should ___ the discharge gates for 1 3/4 HL when a change of strategy from off. to def. has occured
close the discharge to prevent well meaning firefighters from getting into the collapse zone
minimum GPM a forward pumper should be able to supply on a training fire
500 gpm
minimum gpm RIC lines should flow for training fires?
95gpm
off site training fire records shall be retained for ___ years
2 years
If an offsite training site is found to have greater than ___% asbestos in any layer of material it may not be used
1% or greater. if its asbestos free paper work must be filled with the county 10 working days prior to burning
minimum tank size and gpm for type 1 engine
400 gallon tank 1000 gpm pump
minimum tank size and gpm for type 3 eng.
500 gal. tank 250 gpm pump
minimum tank size and pump for type 6
200 gallon tank 50 gpm pump
minimum tank and gpm for tanker
1000-5000 gallon tank 50-1500 gpm pump
apparatus placement on vehicle fires
uphill & upwind consideration to block traffic use emergency lights, and use extreme caution if flares are used
in an aircraft emergency use ______ foam only to clear a path through burning debris to help escaping passengers
Class B only, if B foam is unavailable use large volumes of water
in treatment sector a salvage cover is ample room for up to ___ patients
3
apparatus should remain ___ ft away from the location of trench failure
50ft, with level 1 staging being at least 150ft away. reroute non-essential traffic 300ft away and heavy equipment shut down within 300ft
level 1 staging is in effect for all incidents with __ or more companies assigned
3 or more units
units staging should do so ____ away and in a position to provide max tactical options
1 block away
the placement of all apparatus on the fire ground should reflect
-sop for first arriving companies -tactical objectives -staging procedure -a direct order form command -an order from the captain based on existing or predictable conditions
apparatus should generally be positioned at least ____ ft from involved buildings
30ft greater distances are indicated in many situations
when operating in or near moving vehicle traffic we should be in a ____ posture
defensive
what are 5 ways to protect yourself and crew members while operating around traffic
- never trust the traffic 2.engage in proper protective parking 3. wear traffic vest 4. reduce motorist vison impairment 5. use traffic cones and flares
where possible park apparatus ____ degrees away from curbside
45 degrees away from curbside allowing working room
during night time operations ____fire apparatus headlights
turn off other lights should be reduced to yellow light and emergency flashers
recommended distances to start cones/flares 25mph _____ ft 40mph _____ft 60mph_____ft
65ft 105ft 160ft
in favorable conditions apparatus are permitted to exceed posted speed limit by ____
10mph if unfavorable conditions exist the posted speed limit is maximum aloud
when traveling in center lane or oncoming what is the maximum speed allowed
20 mph and must come to complete stop even with a green light
when approaching or crossing an intersection drivers shall not exceed ____
the posted speed limit
what does it mean when referring to a ladder company as a 2 piece company
both LT, and ladder respond
what a re the different alerts at glendale airport
alert 1 minor difficulties alert 2 major difficulties alert 3 indicates aircraft has crashed or has a high probability
when responding to the airport what are some considerations
-respond to gate #9 - confirm runway is shut down with the tower before crossing runways
what light sequence is permitted while responding on freeway incidents
alternating headlights, and rear flashers
true or false you may not use oncoming lanes in a freeway incident
false you may use on coming lanes if confirmed by dps than traffic is blocked
as a first arriving company on a freeway response what is the proper action?
when within 1 mile of the incident report identity location and direction, remaining units stage level 1 preferably at closest on ramp.
what is the difference between de-energized lines and dead electrical lines
dead lines are confirmed by power company after being grounded
what type of pumping would be probable on a freeway?
relay pumping
what would be the engineers responsibility in regards to traffic control on a freeway
set parking brake angle wheels to the side set up warning devices untill dps arrives
on a AHB assignment crews should not commit themselves within ____ ft from the colony
150 ft
at what temp is the heat stress management order put in place?
when heat index is over 105. limit cardio activity drink min. 64 oz water limit caffine intake
what foam should be used for bees?
AFFF used in a sweeping fog pattern
