Volcanos

Question 1

What is a volcano

Answer 1

A volcano is a mountain formed the eruption of magma on the earths surface through a hole or a vent

Question 2

Give an example of a volcano

Answer 2

Mount Fuji, japan
Mt. St Helens
Yellowstone
Mt. Etna
Eyjafjallajökull

Question 3

What is magma called once it reaches the surface and what happens when it cools

Answer 3

It is called lava and it soon turns into basalt rock once it cools down

Question 4

What is a fissure

Answer 4

A fissure is a crack in the earths crust

Question 5

What is a plateau

Answer 5

An area of fairly levelled high ground

Question 6

What determines the strength of a volcanic blast

Answer 6

The amount of silica there is in the magma determines the strength of the blast

Question 7

What does silica do to explosions

Answer 7

Magma with lots of sillica in it traps lots of gas, making it sticky and thick, which usually causes a big explosive eruption. This usually makes a cone shaped volcano (E.g Mount St Helens)

Magma with less silica traps less gas in it, casing it to be more runny, like water so it is less eruptive when it exploded. This usually makes more wider shield-shapes cone volcano (e.g Hawaiian islands)

Question 8

What is the name of a super heated mix of dust, gas and rocks, and how fast can it travel

Answer 8

Pyroclasts is the name for it, and it can travel from 100km/h to 800km/hr. This is called Pyroclastic flow

Question 9

Draw a diagram of a volcano (+labels)
Draw 3-4 times

Answer 9

Labels: magma chamber, layers of ash and lava, ash cloud, crater, lava & vent

Question 10

Where do volcanos form

Answer 10

Hot spots
Where plates collide
Where plates separate

Question 11

How are volcanos caused in the Pacific Ring Of Fire

Answer 11

They are formed by the pacific plate colliding with the surrounding plates; Eurasia, North America and Australia.

Question 12

How much of volcano eruptions happen in the pacific ring of fire

Answer 12

Over 90% of eruptions happen In the pacific ring of fire (e.g Mount Fuji, japan & Krakatoa, Indonesia)

Question 13

What is the name for a chain of underwater volcanos

Answer 13

A ridge (e.g the mid-Atlantic ridge)

Question 14

Life cycle of a volcano

Answer 14

Active: the volcano is still continuously erupting

Dormant: the volcano is sleeping, it has not erupted in a long time but could erupt anytime

Extinct: the volcano has not erupted for at east 10,000 years and is not expected to erupt ever again

Question 15

Name 4 environmental impacts of a volcano

Answer 15

1. Ash and dust pollute atmosphere
2. Ash makes soil fertile
3. New land made
4. Pyroclastic flow destroys town/village & farmlands
5. Tsunamis & lahars (a hot or cold mix of rock bits or water that flow down volcano side, ending in rivers)

Question 16

Name 4 social impacts of a volcanic eruption.

Answer 16

1. Loss for life
2. Injured people living in fear
3. Forced migration
4. Aircraft flights disrupted
5. Lack of clean water; disease spreads quickly

Question 17

What is someone who monitors volcanos called?

Answer 17

A volcanologist

Question 18

Name 3 warning signs of a volcanic eruption.

Answer 18

1. Small earthquakes
2. Increase of gas emissions
3. Eruptions of steam or rock

Question 19

What do volcanologists monitor

Answer 19

1. Unusual gas emissions
2. Water level in wells
3. Changes in the shape of a volcanic cone (using GPS tracking)

Question 20

What is the VEI scale and what does it stand for

Answer 20

the VEI scale is the scale that measures the force of eruptions. It stands for Volcanic Eruption Index

Question 21

what is the scale range for a VEI scale

Answer 21

0 - 8

Question 22

name any three active volcanos

Answer 22

Mt. St Helens
Yellowstone caldera
Mount Etna
Mount Vesuvius