Rocks Flashcards
Name the three types of rocks
Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic
What is geology
Geology is the study of rocks
What are igneous rocks
Igneous rocks are rocks that form when magma/lava cools down
Name the two types of igneous rocks
Basalt and Granite
How is granite made
Granite is made from magma cooling down very slowly and hardening deep inside the earths crust. It has many tiny crystals that are made from silica hardening
How is basalt made
Basalt is made from lava cooling outside the volcano. It cools quickly as it comes into contact with air, frost, snow and water. This is an extrusive rock. They have many microscopic crystals s the cooling does not let them get very big.
Name a location in Ireland where basalt can be found
The Giants Causeway in Co. Antrim is made up of basalt rock
Draw a diagram of how basalt and granite are made (+labels)
Labels: magma, mantle, crust, basalt cools fast on surface;granite cools slowly underground
What is a sedimentary rock
A sedimentary rock is a rock formed when rock particles build up on the sea floor or a lake bed. They then are compacted and cemented together.
Name three sedimentary rocks
Limestone, shale, sandstone or coal
How are sedimentary rocks formed
Sedimentary rocks are formed by rock particles building up on the sea floor then getting compacted and cemented together
Where can you find shale and sandstone in Ireland
The cliffs of Moher, Co. Claire
Where in Ireland can you find limestone
Co. Mayo
C. Galway
What is sandstone made from
Sandstone is made from sand particles
What is limestone made from
Limestone is made from layers of fish bones and shells
What is coal made from
Coal is made from layers of dead leaves and vegetation
What is shale made from
Shale is made from layers on mud
What types of imprints an be seen on sedimentary rocks
Fossil imprints can be seen
Draw a diagram of how sedimentary rocks are formed (+labels)
Layers, sea & land
How are metamorphic rocks formed
Metamorphic rocks are formed when great pressure and heat changes it
Name three metamorphic rocks
Quartz(ite), marble and slate
What does limestone turn into
Limestone turns into marble
What does sandstone turn into
Sandstone changes into quartzite
How hot does lava/magma need to be to change limestone and sandstone
Around 1200° C
What does shale turn into and how
Pressure turned shale into slate
Draw a diagram of metamorphic rocks (+labels)
Weight of rocks, metamorphic rocks, pressure and heat changes
Where can you find quartz in Ireland
Co. Mayo
Co. Galway
Co. Wicklow
Where can granite be found in Ireland
Wicklow mountains
What is limestone used for
Cement is made from limestone
What is basalt used for
Basalt is used as foundation stones and road surfaces
What are igneous rocks used for
Igneous rocks are used for geothermal energy
Name 5 precious stones
gold, silver, copper, iron, lead & zinc
Name 2 rock landscapes
The Burren, Co. Clare
The Grand Canyon, America
What is another word for layers in a sedimentary rocks
Strata
