Rocks Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the three types of rocks

A

Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic

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2
Q

What is geology

A

Geology is the study of rocks

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3
Q

What are igneous rocks

A

Igneous rocks are rocks that form when magma/lava cools down

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4
Q

Name the two types of igneous rocks

A

Basalt and Granite

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5
Q

How is granite made

A

Granite is made from magma cooling down very slowly and hardening deep inside the earths crust. It has many tiny crystals that are made from silica hardening

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6
Q

How is basalt made

A

Basalt is made from lava cooling outside the volcano. It cools quickly as it comes into contact with air, frost, snow and water. This is an extrusive rock. They have many microscopic crystals s the cooling does not let them get very big.

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7
Q

Name a location in Ireland where basalt can be found

A

The Giants Causeway in Co. Antrim is made up of basalt rock

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8
Q

Draw a diagram of how basalt and granite are made (+labels)

A

Labels: magma, mantle, crust, basalt cools fast on surface;granite cools slowly underground

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9
Q

What is a sedimentary rock

A

A sedimentary rock is a rock formed when rock particles build up on the sea floor or a lake bed. They then are compacted and cemented together.

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10
Q

Name three sedimentary rocks

A

Limestone, shale, sandstone or coal

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11
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed

A

Sedimentary rocks are formed by rock particles building up on the sea floor then getting compacted and cemented together

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12
Q

Where can you find shale and sandstone in Ireland

A

The cliffs of Moher, Co. Claire

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13
Q

Where in Ireland can you find limestone

A

Co. Mayo
C. Galway

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14
Q

What is sandstone made from

A

Sandstone is made from sand particles

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15
Q

What is limestone made from

A

Limestone is made from layers of fish bones and shells

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16
Q

What is coal made from

A

Coal is made from layers of dead leaves and vegetation

17
Q

What is shale made from

A

Shale is made from layers on mud

18
Q

What types of imprints an be seen on sedimentary rocks

A

Fossil imprints can be seen

19
Q

Draw a diagram of how sedimentary rocks are formed (+labels)

A

Layers, sea & land

20
Q

How are metamorphic rocks formed

A

Metamorphic rocks are formed when great pressure and heat changes it

21
Q

Name three metamorphic rocks

A

Quartz(ite), marble and slate

22
Q

What does limestone turn into

A

Limestone turns into marble

23
Q

What does sandstone turn into

A

Sandstone changes into quartzite

24
Q

How hot does lava/magma need to be to change limestone and sandstone

A

Around 1200° C

25
Q

What does shale turn into and how

A

Pressure turned shale into slate

26
Q

Draw a diagram of metamorphic rocks (+labels)

A

Weight of rocks, metamorphic rocks, pressure and heat changes

27
Q

Where can you find quartz in Ireland

A

Co. Mayo
Co. Galway
Co. Wicklow

28
Q

Where can granite be found in Ireland

A

Wicklow mountains

29
Q

What is limestone used for

A

Cement is made from limestone

30
Q

What is basalt used for

A

Basalt is used as foundation stones and road surfaces

31
Q

What are igneous rocks used for

A

Igneous rocks are used for geothermal energy

32
Q

Name 5 precious stones

A

gold, silver, copper, iron, lead & zinc

33
Q

Name 2 rock landscapes

A

The Burren, Co. Clare
The Grand Canyon, America

34
Q

What is another word for layers in a sedimentary rocks

A

Strata