Volcanoes and Earthquakes Flashcards
Layers of the Earth (4)
-Inner core
-Outer core
-Mantle
-Crust
Types of plate boundaries
-Constructive (divergent)
-Destructive (convergent)
-Conservative
Constructive plate boundary (4)
Plates dragged apart by convection.
This creates a space between them.
Magma rises to fill this space, which creates new crust.
Plate movement can cause earthquakes.
Destructive plate boundary (4)
Continental and oceanic plate move towards each other,
As plates collide, oceanic plate forced under continental plate.
Results in formation of oceanic trench.
Conservative plate boundary (2)
Plates slide past each other in opposite or directions or in same direction at different speeds.
Earthquakes occur to release energy built up from plates attempting to move when they are stuck.
Types of volcanoes
-Caldera
-Composite
-Shield
-Fisher
Caldera volcanoes
Large mass with crater summit
Composite
Triangular, pyramidal shape
Shield volcanoes
Low, wide
Fisher volcanoes
Long, narrow
Impacts of eruptions (Max. 5)
-Towns destroyed
-Airports closed
-Crops lost
-Harmful gases released
-Landscapes and natural habitat destroyed
Factors influencing earthquake damage (Max. 5)
-Precautions taken
-Concentration of people
-Infrastructure quality
-Poverty (Poor building standards - Cramped, weak buildings)
-Lack of knowledge
Eruption process (7)
-Convection currents and plate tectonics cause magma and pressure to build up in magma chamber
-Earthquakes take place in surrounding area
-Water acidicty rises because of harmful gases released
-Harmful gas emissions in atmosphere rises
-Pressure on volcano’s shape. Cone shape increases because of magma
-Steam vent bursts
-Pressure triggers explosion - Releases force
Eruption preparation (Max. 8)
-Diverging channels for lava
-Reinforce buildings to hold ash
-Management schemes for landslides + flooding
-Evacuation
-Monitoring volcano
-Suspending tourist activity
-Exclusion zone (no-go zone)
-Closing surrounding air space
