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Geography > Population Dynamics > Flashcards

Population Dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

Reasons for population growth (Max. 9)

A

-Better housing (Less overcrowding, less damp)
-Better medical knowledge (access to doctors, vaccines, and antibiotics)
-Increased life expectancy
-Natural increase (higher births than deaths)
-Better nutritional knowledge
-Food distribution is more equal

For LEDCs:
-Larger families to work on farms
-No contraception
-No family planning
-Cultural/religious beliefs (pressure from community)

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2
Q

Population explosion

A

Sudden increase in population size

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3
Q

Growth rate

A

Average increase in a population over time

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4
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The amount of people an environment can support

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5
Q

Optimum population

A

The ideal amount of people a country should have considering its resources

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6
Q

Case study for overpopulation

A

India

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7
Q

Case study for underpopulation

A

Iceland

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8
Q

India’s factors for growth (Max. 7)

A

-Better medical knowledge (doctors, medicine, vaccines)
-Lower mortality rate (less babies dying)
-Beliefs on birth control changing over time
-Higher life expectancy
-Country is developing
-Children to work on farms
-Babies born to counter lower mortality rate

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9
Q

Consequences of India’s overpopulation (Max. 8)

A

-Strained resources (food, water, space)
-Congestion
-Unemployment
-Difficulty in distributing amenities
-Pressure on government’s finances
-Pressure on utilities
-Larger workforce
-Increased tax revenue

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10
Q

Iceland’s factors of underpopulation (Max. 5)

A

-Women wanting to prioritise careers
-People wanting to focus on social lives
-Couples choosing to have children later in life as they want to pursure education
-Cost of childcare (toys, clothes, food, education)
-Children seen as financial burden

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11
Q

Consequences of Iceland’s underpopulation (Max. 9)

A

-Little to no congestion
-Increased productivity
-Lower tax revenue
-Less demand for goods and services
-Less government services
-Not enough people to defend country
-Lower workforce
-More resources available
-More jobs available

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12
Q

What do pyramid-shaped population pyramids show? (Max. 4)

A

-High birth rate
-High death rate
-High infant mortality (no vaccines, education, untreated diseases)
-Population increase (More births than deaths)

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13
Q

What do bell curve-shaped population pyramids show? (Max. 3)

A

-Low birth rate
-High life expectancy
-Ageing population (People living longer)

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14
Q

Natural increase

A

Rate of births higher than deaths

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15
Q

Natural decrease

A

Rate of deaths higher than births

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16
Q

Reasons for changes in birth rate (Max. 6)

A

-Family planning
-Later marriages
-Pressure from community
-Cultural beliefs
-Potential workers for income
-Governments creating incentives

17
Q

Reasons for changes in death rate (Max.3)

A

-Improved healthcare
-Reliable food supply
-War (killed in action, bombs, air strikes)

18
Q

Impacts of an ageing population (Max. 4)

A

-Pressure on healthcare facilities (elderly prone to diseases)
-Less tax-payers
-Less workers
-Burden on younger family members
-Higher dependency ratio

19
Q

Impacts of a young population (Max. 4)

A

-Higher dependency ratio
-Pressure on health services in future when they reach child-bearing age
-Overpopulation
-Pressure on education

20
Q

Immigration

A

International movement of people to a country they did not originate from

21
Q

Migration

A

Movement of people from one place to another

22
Q

Emigration

A

Act of leaving a place of residence with the intent of settling somewhere else

23
Q

Types of migration (Max. 5)

A

-International
-Internal
-Forced
-Voluntary
-Economic

24
Q

Push factors

A

The reasons an individual leaves a place

25
Q

Pull factors

A

The reasons that brings an individual to a place

26
Q

Impacts of migration on donor country (Max. 8)

A

-Brain drain
-Reduced GDP
-Reduced workforce
-Less tax
-Ageing population (dependent)
-Country’s development impacted
-Urban decay
-Lower population

27
Q

Impacts of migration on host country (Max. 11)

A

-Brain gain
-Increased workforce
-More tax revenue
-Services under pressure (healthcare, education)
-Pressure on housing
-Low-skilled jobs filles
-Culture clash
-Diverse culture
-Increased competition for jobs
-Improved productivity
-Language barrier

28
Q

Densely populated

A

High density of population

29
Q

Sparsely populated

A

Low density of population

30
Q

Population distribution

A

The way people are spread over the Earth’s surface

31
Q

Population density

A

Number of people living in a given area

32
Q

Factors of population density

A

-Climate
-Soil quality
-Relief
-Communications and transport
-Technological development
-Economic activities

Geography (6 decks)

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