Volcanoes Flashcards
Pinatubo 12-15th June 1991
Died:
Evac:
Resettled:
1991
350 (300 buildings) —- grew to 800+
58000
200000
Pinatubo 12-15th June 1991
VEI
Ash height/spread
Effect of ash
VEI 6
Ash 30km high, 10cm within 600km
80000 hectares farmland
Starvation
Global temp. Down 1• for 5 years
Pinatubo 12-15 June 1991
Cost
$711.4 million
Pinatubo 12-15th June 1991
Monitoring
Pinatubo Volcano Observatory
Hazard Map
Video showing nuee ardents
Manila Airport closed
Simplified Comms 0-6
58000 evac (US CLARK AIR BASE)
Mount St Helens 1980
Died
Where
57 killed (poisonous gas)
Cascade Ridge
Mount St Helens 1980
Short Term effects
Environmental
Floodwater washed bridges
Ash ruined 12% crop
250km2 forest destroyed
250km rivers destroyed (trout/salmon)
|_> jobs and money lost
All wildlife gone within 27km north
Trees destroyed (10 million replanted)
Mount St Helens 1980
Short term effects
Social
Ele/comms
Inaccessible to tourists
Mount St Helens 1980
Response
Helicopters
2 million gas masks
Ash off roads in 3 days
Mount St Helens 1980
Monitoring
Gas emissions
Deformation
‘Spiders’ (continuous GPS)
Webcams
Infrared (helicopters)
Petrological (rocks)
Eldfell 1973
Assumption
Thought extinct
Assumed seismic activity Katla
Eldfell 1973
Eruption type
1600m fissure (40 lava fountains)
Then main crater 100m3/sec material
Eldfell 1973
Damage
1 death
400 homes
Eldfell 1973
Management
Brushed ash off roofs
Sea water (43 pumps)
Saved port
Nevado del Ruiz 1985
Where
Colombia
Nevado del Ruiz 1985
Impact (lahar)
Melting of snowcaps
22000 killed @ Armero
45km/hr
60% livestock
Nevado del Ruiz 1985
Monitoring (unfortunate)
Hazard map meant to be presented day after!
Mount Pelee 5th May 1902
Where
What
Martinique
Nuee ardents
Mount Pelee 5th May 1902
Impact
Nuee ardents hit Port St Pierre
190km/hr
Killed all 29000 (but 2 prisoners)
30th August another killed 2000 more
Mount Pelee 5th May 1902
Why so many?
Gov kept from evacuating as election on 10th May
Eyjafjallajokul March 2010
Where
What
VEI
Iceland
250 million m3 ash (10km upward)
|_> Polar Jet Stream
VEI 4
Eyjafjallajokul March 2010
Why so powerful?
Ice caps melted
Eyjafjallajokul March 2010
Local Impacts
Yeh fluoride caused haemorrhaging of livestock
Main road had to be breached (save money)
Fresh fish export affected (loss of income)
Eyjafjallajokul March 2010
Europe Impacts
1 day 1000 Heathrow flights
|_> 11.7% drop in air passengers
400000 Britons stranded
Transplant delieveries unable to be made
Eyjafjallajokul March 2010
Global Impacts
Norway PM run from NY
