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Textbook of Geology > Volcanoes > Flashcards

Volcanoes Flashcards

1
Q

Products escape thru a single pipe or vent

A

Central type

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2
Q

Ejection of lava takes place from a long fissure or a group of parallel or closed fissures

A

Fissure type

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3
Q

Lava is of acidic(Felsic) in nature and because of their high degree of viscosity

A

Explosive Eruption

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4
Q

Lava is of basaltic(Mafic) which is highly fluid and holds little gas and lava can travel long distances to spread out in thin layers

A

Quiet eruption

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5
Q

Silent effusion of lava without any explosive activity

A

Hawaiian Type

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6
Q

Periodic eruption, with a little explosive activity

A

Strombolian Type

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7
Q

Eruption takes place at longer intervals and the viscous lava quickly solidifies and gives rise to explosions of volcanic ash

A

Vulcanian Type

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8
Q

Highly explosive volcanic activity and eruption occurs after a long interval (measured in tens of years)

A

Vesuvian Type

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9
Q

The most violent type of vesuvian eruption. Huge fragment of fragmental products are given out with little or no discharge of lava

A

Plinian Type

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10
Q

Most violent type of all the eruptions. Characterized by eruption of nuees ardentes

A

Pelean Type

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11
Q

Very small lava flows

A

Hornitos

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12
Q

Most acid lavas often give rise to quite small conelets

A

Driblet Cones

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13
Q

Volcanoes of central types, steep sided with uniform slopes of 30 40 degrees

A

Cinder cones

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14
Q

Built up of lava flows due to heaping of lava during quiet type of explosion. Also known as plug dome

A

Lava cone

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15
Q

Made up of alternatively of pyroclastic material and lava. Due to rude stratification, they are also known as stratovolcanoes.

A

Composite cones

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16
Q

Made up of lava alone and due to quiet type of explosions whereby piling up of flow after flow of fluid lava, a rounded like mass is produced

A

Shield Volcanoes

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17
Q

Small cones formed on lava flows where breaks occur in the cooled surface of the flow allowing hot gases and lava to be blown out

A

Spatter cones

18
Q

Formed because of fissure type of eruptions

A

Volcanic Plateau

19
Q

Depression located at the summit of the volcanic cone

A

Crater

20
Q

Due to erosion and enlargement of the crater

A

Calderas

21
Q

More mobile lavas of basic composition, when erupted on the surface in the form of flows quickly consolidate and form a solid crust while the interior may still remain fluid.

A

Lava tunnels

22
Q

After an explosion destroys an exiting crater, a new built smaller cone with its own crater is built up

A

Cone in cone topography

23
Q

Pyroclastic material with a diameter which is always above 32mm

A

Volcanic blocks or bombs

24
Q

Pyroclastic material with a diameter between 4mm to 32mm

A

Lapilli or cinders

25
Q

Pyroclastic material with a diameter ranging between 0.25mm to 4mm

A

Ash

26
Q

Pyroclastic material with minute particles of diameter less than 0.25 mm

A

Fine Ash

27
Q

Rocks made up of ash and fine ash

A

Tuff

28
Q

Welded tuffs are known as _____?

A

Ignimbrite

29
Q

Pyroclastic rocks consisting mainly of fragments larger than 20mm in diameter

A

Agglomerates

30
Q

These are albitic lava and it produces pillow structures

A

Spilitic Lava

31
Q

An incandescent cloud of gas and volcanic ash

A

Nuee Ardente

32
Q

Fissures or vents thru which volcanic gases are ejected

A

Fumaroles

33
Q

Fumaroles emitting sulphurous vapors

A

Solfataras

34
Q

Fumaroles emitting boric acid

A

Saffoni

35
Q

Fumaroles emitting carbon dioxide

A

Mofettes

36
Q

Fissures thru which hot water escapes

A

Hot springs

37
Q

Calcareous deposits formed from hot springs

A

Travertine or tufa

38
Q

Similarly siliceous deposits are known as _____?

A

Siliceous sinters

39
Q

Hot spring ejecting boiling water and steam at regular intervals

A

Geysers

40
Q

Siliceous deposits formed around geysers

A

Geyserites

41
Q

Examples of pseudo-volcanic features

A

mud volcanoes and meteor craters

Textbook of Geology (7 decks)

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