Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere and their constituents Flashcards
Air which envelopes the earth and extends up to a considerable height from the surface
Atmosphere
Structure of the atmosphere
- Troposphere
- Stratosphere
- Mesosphere
- Ionosphere
- Magnetosphere and Exosphere
Extends up to a height of 12 km on average from the surface. Greatest thickness at the equator. Densest of all the layers. It is the locale at which create the climatic and weather conditions on the earth’s surface.
Troposphere
rate of decrease of temp of air in the troposphere
1 C per 165 m of height
An undefined region lying between troposphere and stratosphere and there prevails a constant temp in this region.
Tropopause
Region where air is at rest. Isothermal region where there is no clouds, dust and water vapor. Extends to a height of 50kms. its upper strata is rich in ozone and prevents UV radiation.
Stratosphere
Very cold region and extends up to height of 80 km from the surface. At a height of 60 km there is an intermediate layer which is known as radiowaves absorbing layer.
Mesosphere
Region of electrically charged or ionised air lying next to mesosphere, protects us from falling meteorites. Height of 150 kms
Ionosphere
It is the uppermost region of ionosphere and is the fringe of the atmosphere. Boundaries are not known.
Exosphere
Composition of atmosphere by volume
Nitrogen ( 78.09)
Oxygen (20.97)
Water Vapor ( 0.03)
Irregular but nearly continuous layers of salt and fresh water
Hydrosphere
Percentage of the world’s ocean covers
71%
Average Depth of oceans
3800 km
Other word for saltwater
Brine
Elements that make up the composition of salt water
Chlorine
Sodium
Magnesium
Calcium
Sulphur
Potassium
