volcanoes

Question 1

definition

fissure (effusive) eruption

Answer 1

eruption occurs through linear fissures, passive lava flow of basaltic magma, shield volcano

Question 2

definition

cental vent eruption

Answer 2

explosive eruption localized at vent, powerful flow of felsic magmas, ash plume, composite volcano

Question 3

volcanic deposits from explosive eruptions

Answer 3

ash plume (ejecta cloud), ash fall, pyroclastic flow deposit (hazardous >100km/hr flow of hot gasses)

Question 4

fissure (effusive) eruptions

examples

Answer 4

Icelandic, Hawaiian

Question 5

explosive eruptions

examples

Answer 5

Plinian eruption, Vulcanian eruption (St. Helens), Pelean eruption, Strombolian eruption (Italy)

from most powerful to least

Plinian’s ash plume reaches into the stratosphere and blocks sunlight

Question 6

what causes explosive versus effusive eruptions

Answer 6

1. composition of magma
2. viscosity of magma

Question 7

interplate volcanoes

Answer 7

mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, continental rifts

Question 8

intraplate volcanoes

Answer 8

mantle plume (hot spots)

Question 9

stratovolcano

also composite volcano

Answer 9

distinct crater, alternating layers of pyroclastic fragments (ash and solidified lava of varying composition), felsic to intermediate, viscous lava flows

from explosive eruptions

Question 10

stratovolcano

tephra

Answer 10

layers of ash from previous eruptions

Question 11

shield volcanoes

Answer 11

small vents at the top, mafic magma chambers, low viscosity basaltic flows,

Question 12

locations (tectonic)

effusive eruptions

Answer 12

mid-ocean ridges, hotspots, continental rifts

Question 13

location

explosive eruptions

Answer 13

subduction zones, water (silica) rich minerals tend to more viscous magma

Question 14

pillow lavas

Answer 14

form at mid-ocean ridge volcanoes when basalt erupts under water

Question 15

Pahoehoe lava flow

Answer 15

ropey lava, low volume flow, slow, quiet, smooth surfaces when cooled, low viscosity

Question 16

Aa lava flow

Answer 16

crumbly, rubble-like lava, large volume flow, fast flow, viscous, rough surface composed of clinkers

clinkers are loud (think breaking glass)

Question 17

hot spot track

Answer 17

forms as plate moves on top of a stationary mantle plume, begin as submarine volcanoes, shield volcanoes form once islands emerge from water

Question 18

eruption occurs through linear fissures, passive lava flow of basaltic magma, shield volcano

Answer 18

definition

fissure (effusive) eruption

Question 19

explosive eruption localized at vent, powerful flow of felsic magmas, ash plume, composite volcano

Answer 19

definition

cental vent eruption

Question 20

ash plume (ejecta cloud), ash fall, pyroclastic flow deposit (hazardous >100km/hr flow of hot gasses)

Answer 20

volcanic deposits from explosive eruptions

Question 21

Icelandic, Hawaiian

Answer 21

fissure (effusive) eruptions

examples

Question 22

Plinian eruption, Vulcanian eruption (St. Helens), Pelean eruption, Strombolian eruption (Italy)

from most powerful to least

Plinian’s ash plume reaches into the stratosphere and blocks sunlight

Answer 22

explosive eruptions

examples

Question 23

1. composition of magma
2. viscosity of magma

Answer 23

what causes explosive versus effusive eruptions

Question 24

mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, continental rifts

Answer 24

interplate volcanoes

Question 25

mantle plume (hot spots)

Answer 25

intraplate volcanoes

Question 26

distinct crater, alternating layers of pyroclastic fragments (ash and solidified lava of varying composition), felsic to intermediate, viscous lava flows | from explosive eruptions

Answer 26

stratovolcano | also composite volcano

Question 27

layers of ash from previous eruptions

Answer 27

# stratovolcano tephra

Question 28

small vents at the top, mafic magma chambers, low viscosity basaltic flows,

Answer 28

shield volcanoes

Question 29

mid-ocean ridges, hotspots, continental rifts

Answer 29

# locations effusive eruptions

Question 30

subduction zones, *water (silica) rich minerals tend to more viscous magma*

Answer 30

# location explosive eruptions

Question 31

form at mid-ocean ridge volcanoes when basalt erupts under water

Answer 31

pillow lavas

Question 32

ropey lava, low volume flow, slow, quiet, smooth surfaces when cooled, low viscosity

Answer 32

Pahoehoe lava flow

Question 33

crumbly, rubble-like lava, large volume flow, fast flow, viscous, rough surface composed of **clinkers** | clinkers are loud (think breaking glass)

Answer 33

Aa lava flow

Question 34

forms as plate moves on top of a stationary mantle plume, begin as submarine volcanoes, shield volcanoes form once islands emerge from water

Answer 34

hot spot track