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Third Monthly Examination - Science > Volcanoes > Flashcards

Volcanoes Flashcards

1
Q

It is a vent, hill, or mountain that erupts, releasing molten rocks, rock fragments, and gaseous materials onto Earth’s surface.

A

Volcano

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2
Q

What are the 8 parts of a volcano?

A

(1) Main Vent
(2) Magma Chamber
(3) Crater
(4) Lava Flow
(5) Secondary Vent
(6) Secondary Cone
(7) Ash Cloud
(8) Ash

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3
Q

It is where magma passes through from the magma chamber to reach Earth’s surface.

A

Main Vent

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4
Q

This is a large reservoir that stores molten rock (magma) prior to eruption.

A

Magma Chamber

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5
Q

It is a bowl-shaped depression produced by volcanic activity and explosions.

A

Crater

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6
Q

This is the stream of molten rock flowing out of the crater.

A

Lava Flow

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7
Q

This is an alternative smaller outlet where magma escapes to reach Earth’s surface.

A

Secondary Vent

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8
Q

This is formed when lava and ashes escape from smaller vents.

A

Secondary Cone

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9
Q

What is the other term for the secondary cone?

A

Parasitic Cones

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10
Q

It is formed when thick volcanic ashes are discharged into the atmosphere caused by violent explosion or eruption of the volcano.

A

Ash Cloud

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11
Q

It is a mixture of rocks, minerals, and glass particles expelled during a volcanic eruption.

A

Ash

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of volcanoes according to shape?

A

(1) Cinder Cone Volcanoes
(2) Composite Volcanoes
(3) Shield Volcanoes

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13
Q

These volcanoes are formed from pyroclastic fragments and volcanic ashes that form and solidify around the main vent to form a cone, which can be either circular or oval.

A

Cinder Cone Volcanoes

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14
Q

These are typically symmetrical cones that are steep and may rise as high as 2400 meters (about 8000 feet) from the ground.

A

Composite Volcanoes

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15
Q

What is the other term for composite volcanoes?

A

Stratovolcanoes

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Composite volcanoes have acidic and sticky lava, which allows the lava to solidify without traveling very far, and is usually dormant for many years that they can be considered extinct.

A

TRUE

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17
Q

These volcanoes are formed from non-acidic basaltic lava flows of high viscosity producing broad sloping sides and shield-like structures.

A

Shield Volcanoes

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Cinder Cone Volcanoes are not very explosive and are among the largest volcanoes in the world.

A

FALSE
Shield Volcanoes

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19
Q

What are the 3 types of volcanoes according to eruptive history?

A

(1) Active
(2) Dormant
(3) Extinct

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20
Q

These volcanoes erupted during historical times within the last 600 years, and they have erupted at least once in the past 10000 years based on the analysis of materials from volcanic deposits.

A

Active

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21
Q

These volcanoes are active but not erupting, however, they are expected to erupt anytime soon.

A

Dormant

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22
Q

These volcanoes have not had any eruption in the past 10000 years and are expected not to erupt anymore in the future, and these volcanoes have been intensively weathered and eroded.

A

Extinct

23
Q

How many active volcanoes are there in the Philippines?

A

24 active volcanoes

24
Q

What are the 3 phases of a volcanic eruption?

A

(1) Preparation Phase
(2) Eruption Phase
(3) Ending Phase

25
Q

In this phase, the magma chamber is being filled with magma, which an increase in seismic activity and steam or smoke coming out from the volcano can be observed.

A

Preparation Phase

26
Q

In this phase, the pressure will start to build up inside the magma chamber and the energy starts to increase for eruption.

A

Eruption Phase

27
Q

This is the term used when the magma flows out of the volcano and cools down.

A

Lava

28
Q

In this phase, after the eruption, the magma chamber is now empty, which may trigger the walls of the conduit to weaken and collapse into a crater or a caldera.

A

Ending Phase

29
Q

What are the 2 classifications of volcanic eruptions?

A

(1) Effusive Eruptions
(2) Explosive Eruptions

30
Q

This involves the outpouring of basaltic magma that is relatively low in viscosity and low in gas content.

A

Effusive Eruptions

31
Q

This involves magma of high viscosity and high gas content.

A

Explosive Eruptions

32
Q

What are the 6 major types of volcanic eruptions?

A

(1) Hawaiian Type
(2) Strombolian Type
(3) Vulcanian Type
(4) Plinian Eruption
(5) Phreatic Eruption
(6) Phreatomagmatic Eruption

33
Q

It is a type where fluid basaltic lava is thrown into the air, creating a lava fountain or lava flows.

A

Hawaiian Type

34
Q

It is a type where there is a burst of glowing lava due to the bursting of gas bubbles at the vents of the volcano.

A

Strombolian Type

35
Q

What are the 2 eruptive products the Strombolian type creates?

A

(1) Scoria (hardened chunks of bubbly lava)
(2) Lava Bombs

36
Q

This eruption is short, explosive, and violent.

A

Vulcanian Type

37
Q

It is the most violent of all types of volcanic eruptions.

A

Plinian Eruption

38
Q

It is a steam-driven explosion.

A

Phreatic Eruption

39
Q

It involves the eruption of magma that reacts to external water.

A

Phreatomagmatic Eruption

40
Q

What are the 3 types of materials the volcano eruption emits?

A

(1) Lava
(2) Tephra
(3) Gases

41
Q

It refers to the magma (molten rock) that has been expelled onto Earth’s surface.

A

Lava

42
Q

It refers to the pyroclastic materials and rock fragments that are being expelled during volcanic eruptions.

A

Tephra

43
Q

What are the 4 different types of pyroclastic materials?

A

(1) Volcanic Bombs
(2) Volcanic Ash
(3) Lapilli
(4) Volcanic Blocks

44
Q

It is a mass of molten rock that is larger than 64 mm (2.5 inches) in diameter.

A

Volcanic Bombs

45
Q

It is a mixture of powder-sized (2 mm or smaller) rocks, minerals, and gas particles.

A

Volcanic Ash

46
Q

These are pyroclastic materials that range from 4 to 32 mm (0.16 to 1.26 inches) in diameter.

A

Lapilli

47
Q

What is the singular form of Lapilli?

A

Lapillus

48
Q

What is the meaning of Lapilli?

A

“ittle stones” in Latin

49
Q

These are pyroclastic materials that are already solid when ejectred during eruptions.

A

Volcanic Blocks

50
Q

What are the 3 good effects of volcanic eruptions?

A

(1) Can provide an alternative source of energy (geothermal energy)
(2) Can provide valuable nutrients to the soil, making it good for agriculture.
(3) May cause long-term effects on climate and may cause global cooling.

51
Q

What are the 3 harmful effects of volcanic eruptions?

A

(1) May cause breathing problems when inhaled.
(2) May cause damage to crops and properties.
(3) Lahar may destroy properties and also lives.

52
Q

It is a fast-moving mudflow.

A

Lahar

53
Q

It refers to a collapsed volcano caused by the emptying of its magma chamber underneath Earth’s surface.

A

Caldera

Third Monthly Examination - Science (4 decks)

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