Volcanoes Flashcards
Three Types of Volcanoes
Composite (Strato) Volcano
Cinder Cone (Dome) Volcano
Shield Volcano
Composite (Strato) Volcano
Steep sided cones formed from layers
of ash andviscous [lava]flows.
Eruptions have a pyroclastic flow and are explosive.
Can be over 8,000 feet high.
Has acidic (viscous) lava.
Sticky lava is behind its shape.
Cinder Cone (Dome) Volcano
Has steep sided cones formed from layer of ash and viscous lava flows.
Eruptions are explosive.
Has acidic (viscous) lava.
Shield Volcano
Low with gently sloping sides and are formed from layers of lava.
Eruptions are typically non-explosive.
Produce fast flowing fluid[lava]that can flow for many miles.
Eruptions tend to be frequent but relatively gentle.
These eruptions destroy property, death
or injury to humans rarely occurs.
Has basic lava flow.
Found at constructive plate boundaries.
Internal Features of a Volcano
Conduit
Magma Chamber
Pluton
Batholith
Laccolith
Dike (dyke)
Sill
Pipe
Sill
Formed by magma flowing horizontally between two rocks layers and roughly parallel to the surface.
Dike (dyke)
A vertical sheet of igneous rock formed by moving upwards towards the surface.
Pipe
Vertical pipe of rock formed when the molten material in the vent of a volcano cools and hardens.
Batholith
Formed when a large underground reservoir of molten rock cools and hardens below the surface.
Difference between Magma and Lava
Magma is molten, fluid rock found beneath the Earth’s surface. When magma is erupted from a volcano it is then considered to be lava. Lava hardens and solidifies when on the surface of the Earth.
Precautions for Volcanic Eruptions
Avoid ash and take shelter away from it.
Evacuate buildings or settlements. near a volcano.
Materials Ejected from a Volcanic Eruption
Gas
Lava
Rocks
Smoke
Plume
Ash
Igneous Rocks
