Plate Tectonics

Question 1

Inner Core

Answer 1

800 miles thick (iron & nickel in solid state)

Question 2

Outer Core

Answer 2

1,400 miles thick (iron and nickel in liquid state)

Question 3

Mantle

Answer 3

1,800 miles thick (flows with consistency of asphalt)

Question 4

Continental Plate

Answer 4

5-25 miles thick

Question 5

Oceanic Plate

Answer 5

3-5 miles thick

Question 6

Divergent Plate Margin

Answer 6

Spreading Motion - Constructive Effect - Ridge Topography - Volcanic Activity

Question 7

Convergent Plate Margin

Answer 7

Subduction Motion - Destructive Effect - Trench Topography - Volcanic Activity and Earthquakes

Question 8

Transform Plate Margin

Answer 8

Lateral Sliding Motion (Slides Paralel) - Conservative Effect - No Major Topography - No Volcanic Activity but Earthquakes are present within crust

Question 9

Deep Sea Trench

Answer 9

in the deepest parts of the ocean; these are long, narrow depressions along the sea floor which are formed due to tectonic activity (the movement of the Earth’s lithosphere)

Question 10

Volcanic Arc

Answer 10

a LONG chain of many volcanoes that forms above a SUBDUCTION ZONE.

Question 11

Ring of Fire

Answer 11

a large area around the Pacific Ocean that has active earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tectonic plate boundaries that fringe the Pacific Basin.

Question 12

Subduction Zone

Answer 12

a convergent plate boundary where the Earth’s crusts meet and one expands underthe other because it’s denser.

Question 13

Fold Mountains

Answer 13

mountains that are formed by two or more tectonic plates when they are pushed together by the Earth’s crusts.

Question 14

Block Mountains

Answer 14

a mountain formed by natural faults in the Earth’s crust. A mountain formed when crustal plates move away from each other.

Question 15

Plate Boundaries/Margins

Answer 15

the boundary of one of the plates that forms the upper layer (lithosphere) and together cover the surface of the Earth.

Question 16

Two types of Layers That the Earth is Made of

Answer 16

Compositional (chemical) & Mechanical Layers

Question 17

Three Mechanical Layers

Answer 17

Lithosphere - Asthenosphere - Mesosphere

Question 18

Creator of Plate Tectonics Theory

Answer 18

Alfred Wegener

Question 19

Pangea

Answer 19

a notion that around 335 millions years prior to now, there existed an ancient supercontinent based off the evidence of continental drift and fossil evidence.

Question 20

Plate Tectonics Theory

Answer 20

a notion that the outermost mechanical layer (the lithosphere) or Earth’s crust is divided into many plates which shift across the earth’s surface

Question 21

Evidence of the Plate Tectonics Theory

Answer 21

Our planet is always forming and reshaping itself from beneath ( magma rising )

The locations of earthquakes and volcanoes around the world follow a similar pattern to that of which Wegener theorised, an outline of the plates beneath us

Fossils of tropical species for example were found in less than tropical areas of the world, proving Wegener’s point of the world being one supercontinent at a time in prehistory.

Question 22

Three Types of Plate Boundaries

Answer 22

Convergent

Divergent

Transform

Question 23

Sima

Answer 23

The lower layer of the Earth’s crust, it is dense and heavy

Question 24

Sial

Answer 24

Found on the upper part of the earth’s crust and is very light.

Question 25

Difference between Sima and Sial

Answer 25

Sima is the lower layer of the Earth’s crust, it is dense and heavy while sial is found on the upper part of the earth’s crust and it is much lighter than sima.

Question 26

Acidic Lava

Answer 26

Comes from composite volcanoes and it is viscous (sticky) it also moves slowly and traps gases.

Question 27

Basic Lava

Answer 27

Comes from shield volcanoes and it runs faster than acid lava. Doesn’t. trap gases.

Question 28

Features Formed by Active Plate Margins

Answer 28

Deep sea trenches

Volcanoes

Mountains

Question 29

Three Signs of Plate Tectonics

Answer 29

The locations of volcanoes and earthquakes around the world follow a pattern that was theorised by Alfred Wegener.

Fossils of tropical animals were found in regions that don’t host a tropical climate which proves the theory of Pangea.

The planet is always reshaping and forming itself from beneath the Earth’s surface.

Question 30

Formation of Fold Mountains

Answer 30

Fold mountains are formed when two tectonic plates shift and collide causing the earth to rise and form hills and mountains.