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Geology > Volcanism > Flashcards

Volcanism Flashcards

1
Q

What is magma?

A

A: Molten rocks (that contain SI, Al, NA, Ca, Mg, Fe etc) if the temperature is high enough (600F) rocks melt like wax

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2
Q

What is the physical composition of magma?

A

A: Although we call magma a liquid, most magma has solids (minerals already formed ) and gases

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3
Q

What is volcanism?

A

A: Arrival of magma at the earth’s surface.

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4
Q

What is a volcano?

A

A: a feature formed by volcanism. Volcanos typically look like cones

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5
Q

Where do volcanoes form?

A

A: they form above locations where rocks melt due to excessive heat.

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6
Q

What is a vent?

A

A: the opening where magma or gasses come out from.

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7
Q

What is a caldera?

A

A: a depression formed by the collapse of the top of the volcano after eruption is complete

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8
Q

What is a rim?

A

A: the outer circular edge of the Caldera.

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9
Q

How many active volcanoes are in the world?

A

A: there are 1500 active volcanoes in the world.

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10
Q

How many volcanoes ruptured in the last 100 years?

A

A: 100

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11
Q

How many volcanoes erupt every year?

A

A: 50 volcanoes erupt every year

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12
Q

Is magma less dense or more dense?

A

A: less dense. It rises to the top of a volcano

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13
Q

What happens during the rise of magma?

A

A: gases separate from the magma

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14
Q

What happens if the gases escapes from the magma?

A

A: then the magma flows calmly out of the vent. (Hawaiian-Style)

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15
Q

What happens if the gases are trapped in the magma?

A

A: the pressure in the volcano builds up and the volcano explodes like a high powered bomb. ( Strombolian-Style)

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16
Q

Where are volcanoes found?

A

A:Most volcanoes are found near old or new (active) plate boundaries. Some volcanoes are formed above hotspots

17
Q

What are the types of magma?

A

A: Felsic (granitic), intermediate (andesitic), mafic ( Basaltic) and ultra mafic.

18
Q

What is the classification of felsic magma and its eruption style?

A

A: rich in SIo2, high in viscosity, and the eruption style is explosive( ash)

19
Q

What is the classification of intermediate

(Andesitic) magma and eruption style

A

A: rich in Intermediate, viscosity intermediate, eruption style explosive

20
Q

What is the classification of mafic (basaltic) magma??

A

Rich in Fe, Mg viscosity low, eruption style calm (lava)

21
Q

What is the classification of ultra mafic magma?

A

A: rich in only Fe-Mg, viscosity very low, eruption style not found today.

22
Q

What is the classification of lava?

A

A: flowing magma, found in low elevations and its slow.

23
Q

What is the classification of lahars?

A

A: Mud flows (snow melts and ash) and it has fast speed

24
Q

What’s the classification of gasses?

A

A: contains H20 CO2 SO2 etc, found everywhere and it’s speed is slow

25
Q

What is the classification of pyroclastics?

A

A: it’s a mixture of falling pieces of igneous rocks, volcanic bombs, cinder and ash. It’s speed is fast.

26
Q

What is the classification of steam?

A

A: it’s speed is slow, steam is least dangerous.

27
Q

What is the classification of ash?

A

A: it’s speed is fast.

28
Q

What is the classification of Nuee Ardente?

A

A: extremely hot ash and gases. And it’s speed is super fast.

29
Q

What are the volcano types?

A

Shield, domes, cinder cone, fissure and composite

30
Q

How would you classify a shield volcano?

A

A: inverted shield, long distant easy flow of lava and contains mafic magma

31
Q

How would you classify dome shape volcanoes?

A

A: dome shaped, pile up lava at the vent and it’s felsic

32
Q

How would you classify a cinder cone volcano?

A

A: cone shaped, pile of scoria at the vent and it contains mafic magma

33
Q

How would you classify a fissure volcano?

A

Fracture shape, magma erupting from a fracture and it’s magma is mafic

34
Q

How would you classify a composite volcano?

A

A: combination of all and the magma is mafic-intermediate

35
Q

What are the stages of a volcano?

A

A: active, dormant and extinct

36
Q

What is an active volcano?

A

A: a volcano that has erupted in the last 5000 years

37
Q

What is a dormant volcano?

A

A: the volcano has not erupted in the recent past, But not eroded either. Will erupt again

38
Q

What is an extinct volcano?

A

A: the volcano’s caldera is extensively eroded. (Will never erupt)

Geology (15 decks)

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