Volcanic islands Flashcards
What makes volcanic islands like Hawaii a tectonic mystery?
They form within plates, far from plate boundaries
The mantle plume hypothesis suggests that hot material rises from:
The core–mantle boundary
What is one of the predictions of the plume hypothesis that has failed in many cases?
That uplift always occurs before volcanism
Which of the following is a major flaw in using seismic waves to support the plume tail model?
The predicted plume tails are too small to image reliably
The age progression of Hawaiian volcanoes is:
Older to the northwest and north
Why is the presence of picrite basalt important in evaluating the plume hypothesis?
It suggests high-temperature melting
Which of the following best reflects the scientific criticism of the mantle plume hypothesis?
The predictions of the model are frequently not observed
The concept of a “protective belt” in scientific models (Lakatos) refers to:
Auxiliary hypotheses added to protect the core idea from falsification
Which term has been suggested as a more neutral alternative to “hot spot”?
Melting anomaly
According to the lecture, how many variants of mantle plumes have been proposed?
Over 70
