Sedimentary rocks Flashcards
What is lithification?
The process of turning loose sediment into solid rock
What two processes are essential in lithification?
Compaction and cementation
What is a classic sedimentary rock?
Sandstone
What is the primary cement in many sedimentary rocks?
Calcite
Which type of sedimentary rock is formed by chemical precipitation?
Chert
Coal is considered what type of sedimentary rock?
Organic
Which sedimentary rock is typically composed of very fine particles and splits into thin layers?
Shale
Which feature indicates rounding and sorting due to transport?
Angularity of grains
What triggers the formation of evaporites such as rock salt and gypsum?
Evaporation of water in restricted basins
What is dolostone typically formed from?
Secondary alteration of limestone
