Volcanic Hazards Flashcards
➢These are burst of trapped, hot gases that push their way through solid barriers with Earth’s crust and rapidly into the atmosphere.
BLASTS
▪A mound of lava
that grows inside
the crater, called
cryptodome.
DOME GROWTH
or LAVA DOME
▪If it grows outside the volcano, it is called exodome, which ma collapse and release large volumes of molten rocks
DOME GROWTH
Among the gases released by
active and inactive volcanoes are:
▪Water vapor
▪Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
▪Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
▪Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
▪Hydrogen fluoride (HF)
▪Hydrogen gas (H2)
▪ Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Other gases include:
▪Nitrogen gas (N2)
▪Methane (CH4)
▪Argon (Ar)
▪Helium (He)
GASES
▪ AKA: Mudflow
▪ Flow of volcanic debris
▪ Primary or hot lahar
▪ Secondary or cold lahar
LAHAR
▪ associated directly with the eruption Secondary or cold lahar flow
▪ occurs during heavy rainfall
LAHAR
Primary or hot lahar
flow
▪Molten rocks that are
released by
volcanoes or
volcanic vents.
LAVA FLOW
▪The viscosity of the lava and the steepness of the volcano slope can influence the rate of lava flow
LAVA FLOW
▪ 0.25 km/hr rate of
lava flow with high
viscosity
▪ 45 km/hr rate of
lava flow with low
viscosity
▪ Lava flows faster
down a steep slopes
▪ Moves slower over a
more level terrain
LAVA FLOW
▪ Flow of glowing hot material that moves down the slope of an erupting volcano.
PYROCLASTIC FLOW
Pyroclast
▪Pyro = fire
▪ Clast = broken
▪ rock fragments that are ejected during volcanic eruption
PYROCLASTIC FLOW
These are dense, fast-moving masses of gases, ash, rock fragments, and water extruded ejected during some volcanic eruptions.
PYROCLASTIC SURGES
May consist of combinations of pumice, scoria, thick rock fragments, & crystals whose size may range from 2 mm in diameter (ash) to 64 mm in diameter (blocks)
TEPHRA FALLS
These are series of water waves caused by the displacement of large volumes of water because of an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption.
TSUNAMI
▪ heat within the earth -surface is readily available source of low cost clean, renewable energy.
▪Deep beneath Earth’s surface are large reservoir of extremely hot water.
▪3000 meters
▪Phils. Ranks 3rd worldwide in production of geothermal energy.
▪27 percent of the country’s total electrical output comes from geothermal energy
ENERGY FROM VOLCANO
GEOTHERMAL PLANTS LOCATIONS
Negros Or.
▪ Leyte
▪ Mindanao
▪ Laguna
▪ Albay
▪ Sorsogon
▪ Cotabato
