Morphology of Volcano Flashcards
Sources of geothermal energy
Volcano
▪ Home of the most active volcanoes
▪ An area characterized by frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
Pacific Ring of Fire
▪ Located beneath the Earth’s crust
▪ Thickest layer (2890 km. thick)
▪ Upper layer:
▪ malleable rocks
▪ Lower layer:
▪ denser, solid rocks
Mantle
What is the upper layer of the
mantle called?
asthenosphere.
_____________ that comprised the crust, “ride” along the upper layer of the mantle called asthenosphere.
▪ Plates move in constant but slow motion
▪ Move toward, drift away, or override each other
Tectonic Plates
▪ Process where heavier plate sinks, and lighter plate rise above.
▪ Involves increase in friction & pressure, generating extremely high temperature
▪ Result: melting of rocks
Subduction
▪ Semi-molten rocks (not totally liquid) which tries to escape upward through spaces between the plates toward cooler areas on the crust.
Magma
▪ Once the magma reaches the crust, it is called lava, that flows over the surface.
▪ Building layer upon layer until a volcano is formed.
Lava
▪ Elongated crack or fracture on earth’s crust from which lava erupts
Fissure
▪ Passageway through which magma travels to reach the earth’s surface
Conduit
▪ Opening where volcanic materials are released
Vent
▪ Bowl-shaped depression at the top of the volcano
Crater
▪ Side of the volcano
Flank
Magma storage
Magma chamber or
reservoir
What are the Basic Parts of a Volcano?
Magma chamber
Conduit
Vent
Crater
Fissure
Flank
▪AKA: Composite cone volcano
▪ Formation:
▪ formed by highly viscous or thick, slow-moving lava.
Stratovolcano
▪ Characteristics:
▪ Steep upper slope
▪ Relaxed lower slope
▪ Small crater at its summit
▪ Packed with a large reservoir of magma
▪ Most dangerous volcanoes
▪ Type of volcano in the Pacific Ring of Fire
▪ When it erupts, an area of the volcano may collapse, forming a larger crater and depression called caldera
Stratovolcano
▪ Formed by loose and fluid lava that flows over each other
▪ It is usually low and broad resembles a warrior’s armor or a gigantic blob.
▪ Lava does not shoot up high in the air in a violent explosion (quiet eruptions)
Shield Volcano
Parts of a Shield Volcano
▪ Magma chamber
▪ Lava flow
▪ Flank eruption
▪ Eruption at the side
▪ Summit caldera
▪ Cavity at the summit of volcano
▪ Central vent
▪ Conduit for the magma to travel from the magma chamber to the crater
▪ Formed by fluid lava that is ejected because of high pressure that builds up in magma chamber
▪ Short-live eruptions and appear like wild fountain show of fiery lava spewed high in the air.
▪ Steep conical landscape is formed by descending lava and breaking down of rocks
Cinder Cone
Parts Cinder Cone
▪ Ash
▪ Pulverized rocks, minerals and volcanic glass
▪ Summit crater
▪ Bowl shaped opening at the summit of the cone
▪ Cinder beds
▪ Pockets where new ash fall will collect
▪ Vent
▪ Magma chamber
▪ have appeared in Mexican cornfield on February 20, 1943.
▪ It had grown more than 336 meters tall by the end of 1943
▪ Reached 424 meters high in 1952
Mt. Paricutin (Mexico)
- Depression formed at the summit of shield volcanoes
Caldera Complex
- Mounds of lava formed after volcanic eruption
- Can be formed inside the crater of volcano or along the slopes
Lava Dome
