Volcanic Eruptions And Activity 😊 Flashcards

1
Q

Case study for a volcanic eruption and the year

A

Iceland (2010)

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2
Q

Negative effects of the eruption? X4

A
  • flights in Europe were cancelled for a week due to an ash cloud
  • 100,000 commercial flights were cancelled worldwide
  • worldwide airlines lost US $1.7 billion in revenue
  • European economy lost US $5 billion
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3
Q

Name 5 primary hazards

A
  • lava flows
  • pyroclastic flows
  • tephra
  • ash falls
  • gas eruptions
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4
Q

What is a lava flow?

A

Streams of lava that erupt on to the surface high in temperature
They move slowly but destroy everything in their path

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5
Q

What is a pyroclastic flow?

A

Mixture of dense extremely hot material ejected from a volcano that move quickly and are far more dangerous

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6
Q

What is tephra?

A

Pieces of volcanic rock and ash that blast into the air during eruptions, can travel for thousands of miles and cause injuries

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7
Q

What are ash falls?

A

Cover everything causing poor visibility and slippery roads which can cause collapsing of roofs and the clogging of engines

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8
Q

What are gas eruptions?

A

Magma contains dissolved gases that can travel thousands of km and these gases can be poisonous

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9
Q

Name 2 secondary hazards

A
  • Lahars

- Jokulhlaup

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10
Q

What are lahars?

A

Masses of rock, mud and water that travel quickly which vary in size and speed

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11
Q

What is Jokulhlaup?

A

Heat of a volcanic eruption that can melt the snow in a glacier causing heavy and sudden floods

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12
Q

How do you measure volcanic eruptions?

A

Using the volcanic explosivity index (VEI)

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13
Q

What does this index go from?

A

0 to 8

8 being extremely large

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14
Q

What factors does it include?

A
  • how long the eruption lasts
  • amount of material ejected and the height
  • qualitative descriptive terms
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15
Q

How can scientists predict earthquakes?

What are the signs?

A

Monitor signs

  • small tremors
  • changes to the surface of the volcano
  • changes to the tilt of the volcano
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16
Q

How accurate is it?

A

Not always 100% accurate