✅Case Study - Eyjafjallajokull 2010 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of plate boundary is Eyjafjallajokull on?

A

Constructive

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2
Q

Where is Eyjafjallajokull?

A

Southern Iceland

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3
Q

Which plates meet on the boundary?

A

The North American and Eurasian

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4
Q

How fast are the plates moving?

A

2.5cm per year

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5
Q

Why does magma rise?

A

Because there’s lower pressure at the surface

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6
Q

What is a Jökulhlaup?

A

A flow of meltwater from a volcano and ice cap

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7
Q

How many people died in the eruption?

A

0

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8
Q

How many people were evacuated?

A

500 farmers and their families

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9
Q

What happened to the roads around the volcano before the eruption?

A

They were shut down to prevent people using them

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10
Q

What did the ash do to local water supplies?

A

Contaminated them with high concentrations of fluoride

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11
Q

How was the ash redistributed?

A

By winds, pumped high into the atmosphere above Northern and Western Europe

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12
Q

Why were the such disruptions to aircraft?

A

The particles in the ash clog up the plane engines as they attempt to fly through them

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13
Q

How much money was lost per day by airlines?

A

£130 million according to the IATA

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14
Q

How many flights were cancelled?

A

107,000, 48% of total air traffic and affecting 10 million people

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15
Q

How did the eruption affect Kenya?

A

20% of their economy is based on export of green vegetables and flowers to Europe and are transported by air

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16
Q

How many Kenyan farmers were temporarily unemployed?

A

50,000

17
Q

How much CO2 was released into the air every day of the eruption?

A

30,000 tonnes

18
Q

How did people in rural areas of Iceland have to protect themselves?

A

They had to wear goggles and face masks to prevent them inhaling the ash or it getting into their eyes. Visibility was less than a few meters.

19
Q

What was done to the main road in Iceland as a primary response to eruption warnings?

A

The embankments were removed and the road collapsed to prevent further damage by floodwaters.

20
Q

How did the Icelandic Red Cross respond?

A

By mobilising 35 staff and volunteers, opening four shelters and allowing 200+ people to take refuge there

21
Q

How did Amsterdam’s Schiphol airport respond?

A

1500 beds were there for stranded travellers

22
Q

What was done to roads after the eruption?

A

They were reconstructed, including Iceland’s Route 1 to again allow people to move around the country

23
Q

How were flood defences responded to?

A

They were reconstructed and strengthened to protect locals form any further flooding?

24
Q

What kinds of research were done in response?

A

Research into the effects of ash on aircraft so that if a similar eruption were to happen then the losses could be minimised

25
Q

What was the response to Iceland’s rivers?

A

The ash was dug it of the bottom of the. To make them deeper and prevent further flooding

26
Q

What did the Icelandic National Society do?

A

Provided psychological support particularly for children who had been traumatised by the loud explosions from the eruption.

27
Q

The USGS provided…

A

…scientists for the ICAO’s international task force and worked with the UK met office to improve ash forecasting