Volatile Oils Flashcards
The odoriferous principles found in various plant parts
Volatile oils
Represents the essences or the odoriferous constituents of the plants
Volatile oils
Volatile oils are known as?
Ethereal/Essential oils
As a rule: (4)
- Colorless, but on long standing, may oxidize and resinify thus darkening in color.
- Immiscible with water, but sufficiently soluble to impart their odor to water.
- Aromatic waters are dependent on this slightly solubility.
- Soluble in ether, alcohol and most organic solvents.
Differentiation of Volatile oils from Fixed oil (5)
- Can be distilled from their natural sources
- Do not consist of glyceryl ester of fatty acids
- Do not leave a permanent grease spot on paper
- Do not become rancid, but instead oxidize and resinify when exposed to light and air
- Cannot be saponified with alkalies
Methods in obtaining Volatile Oils (3)
- Water Distillation
- Water and Steam Distillation
- Direct Steam DIstillation
Methods in obtaining Volatile Oils
a. Water Distillations (2)
- Dried plant materials
- Turpentine oil
Methods in obtaining Volatile Oils
b. Water and Steam Distillation (2)
- Either dried or fresh plant materials
- Cinnamon oil, Clove oil
Methods in obtaining Volatile Oils
c. Direct Steam Distillation (2)
- Fresh plant materials
- Peppermint oil, Spearmint Oil
Other Methods (4)
- Ecuelle Method - Trough Line
- Enfleurage Method - Glass Plate
- Extraction - Perfumery
- Destructive Distillation (Dry Distillation)
Other Methods
a. Ecuelle Method - Trough line
Removing of citrus oils
Other Methods
b. Enfleurage Method - Glass plate
- Flower petals
- Bland fat/fixed oils and alcohol
Other Methods
c. Extraction - Perfumery industry
- Uniform temperature
- Expensive
Other Methods
d. Destructive Distillation (Dry Distillation)
- Empyreumatic Oils
- When the wood resin is heated without access of air, decomposition takes place and a number of volatile compounds are driven off, the resultant mass is Charcoal.
Composition of Volatile Oils (8)
- Terpenes or Sesquiterpenes
- Esters and Alcohol
- Alcohols
- Aldehydes
- Ketones
- Phenols
- Ethers
- Non-Terpenoids
