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PPC MIDTERMS > Tannins > Flashcards

Tannins Flashcards

1
Q

Denote to a substance present in plant extract which were able to combine with protein of animal hides, prevent their putrefaction and convert them into leather

A

Tannins

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2
Q

The term Tannins was first applied by ___ in ___

A

Seguin 1796

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3
Q

Tannins is detected qualitatively by a tanning test, also called as __, and is determined quantitatively by its absorption on standard hide powder?

A

Goldbeater’s Skin Test

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4
Q

Many tannins are __ .

A

Glycosides

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5
Q

What fruit acids are Tannins source of? (6)

A
  1. Glycolic
  2. Lactic
  3. Mandelic
  4. Malic
  5. Tartaric
  6. Citric
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6
Q

Where are Tannins found? (3)

A
  1. Immature Fruits
  2. Specific plant parts (leaves, fruits, barks, or stem)
  3. Great quantities in dead or drying cells
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7
Q

Occur in solution in ___ , often in distinct ___ .

A

Cell sap; vacuoles

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8
Q

Other properties of Tannins (6)

A
  1. Plant polyphenols
  2. “Tannin Extracts”
  3. Non-crystallizable
  4. Complex substances
  5. Precipitate proteins
  6. Sharp “puckering” taste
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9
Q

Mixture of polyphenols and noncrystallizable compounds

A

Complex Substance

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10
Q

3 Classification of Tannins

A
  1. Hydrolysable Tannins
  2. Non-hydrolyzable Tannins
  3. Pseudotannins
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11
Q

This may be hydrolyzed by acids or enzymes such as Tannase

A

Hydrolysable Tannins

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12
Q

Hydrolysable Tannins form several molecules of ___ as ___ and ___ which are united by ___ to a ___ .

A

phenolic acids; Gallic acid; Hexahydroxy-diphenic acid; ester linkages; central glucose molecules

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13
Q

Hydrolysable tannins are formerly known as ___ . (dry distillation, Gallic acid and similar components are converted to Pyrogallol)

A

Pyrogallol Tannins

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14
Q

Hydrolysable tannins are when they are treated with ___ . - Phenolic acids (3)

A

Acids/Enzymes;

  1. Gallic acid
  2. Ellagic acid
  3. Glucose
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15
Q

Hydrolysable tannins are classified to ___ from which they derived: (2)

A

Polyhedric phenol;

  1. Gallitannins (Gallic acid)
  2. Ellagitannins – Hexahydroxy-diphenic acid units
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16
Q

[Hydrolysable Tannins] Blue precipitate

A

Ferric chloride

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17
Q

[Hydrolysable Tannins] No precipitate

A

Bromides

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18
Q

Are not readily hydrolyzed to simpler molecules and they do not contain a sugar moiety.

A

Non-hydrolysable Tannins

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19
Q

Non-hydrolysable Tannins or Condensed Tannins (4)

A
  1. Proanthocyanidins
  2. Polyflavonoids
  3. Catechol-type
  4. Pyrocatecollic-type tannins
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20
Q

Non-Hydrolysable Tannins are related to the ___ and have ___ structures.

A

Flavonoid pigments; Polymetric Flavan-3-ol

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21
Q

___ which also occur with the tannins and ___ in the biosynthesis of the molecules

A

Catechins; Flavan

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22
Q

Non-hydrolysable tannins are when subjected to dry distillation?

A

Catechol called as Catechol tannins

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23
Q

[Non-Hydrolysable Tannins] Greenish

A

Ferric chloride

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24
Q

[Non-Hydrolysable Tannins] Precipitate

A

Bromides

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25
Q

Compounds of lower molecular weight than true tannins and they do not respond to the Goldbeater’s skin test

A

Pseudotannins

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26
Q

Pseudotannins are formed by either linkages between two or more molecules of Phenolic acid, which are?

A
  1. Digallic
  2. Chlorogenic acid
27
Q

[Pseudotannins] others are derivatives of Flavan

A

Catechins/Catechols

28
Q

Examples of Pseudotannins (4)

A
  1. Gallic acid
  2. Catechins
  3. Chlorogenic acid
  4. Ipecacuanha acid
29
Q

[Pseudotannins] Gallic acid: ?

A

Rhubarb and most materials which contains Gallitannins

30
Q

[Pseudotannins] Catechins: ?

A

Catechu, Acacia cutch, Kino, Cocoa, Guarana

31
Q

[Pseudotannins] Chlorogenic acid

A

Unroasted coffee, Nux vomica

32
Q

[Pseudotannins] Ipecacuanha acid

A

Ipecacuanha

33
Q

Colors Obtained

a. Catechol Tannins Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannins

Heated: ?

A

Catechol

34
Q

Colors Obtained

a. Catechol Tannins Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannins

Boiled with HCL: ?

A

Insoluble red Phlobaphenes

35
Q

Colors Obtained

a. Catechol Tannins Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannins

Treated with FeCl3 T.S.: ?

A

Green color

36
Q

Colors Obtained

a. Catechol Tannins Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannins

Treated with Bromine T.S.:?

A

Formed precipitate

37
Q

Colors Obtained

a. Catechol Tannins Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannins

Examples: ?

A

Kino, Gambir

38
Q

Colors Obtained

b. Pyrogallol Tannins

Heated: ?

A

Pyrogallol

39
Q

Colors Obtained

b. Pyrogallol Tannins

Boiled with HCL: ?

A

Gallic acid/Ellagic acid

40
Q

Colors Obtained

b. Pyrogallol Tannins

Treated with FeCl3 TS: ?

A

Blue color

41
Q

Colors Obtained

b. Pyrogallol Tannins

Treated with Bromine T.S.

A

No precipitate

42
Q

Colors Obtained

b. Pyrogallol Tannins

Examples: ?

A

Nut gall, Oak bark, Pomegranate bark

43
Q

Uses of Tannins: (6)

A
  1. Antiseptic
  2. Astringent
  3. Antidote for Alkaloidal poisoning
  4. Preservative on leather
  5. Laboratory reagent for protein and alkaloid identification.
  6. Ink industries

Caution: Carcinogenic potential

44
Q

Other Therapeutic Activities of Tannins

a. As antioxidants (3)

A
  1. Leucoanthocyanidins
  2. Proanthocyanidins
  3. Pycnogenol
45
Q

Other Therapeutic Activities of Tannins

b. Improves peripheral circulation, capillary fragility, retinopathies, inflammatory collagen disease

A
  1. Grape seeds – Vitis vinifera
  2. Needles and barks of Pine trees – Pinus pinaster
46
Q

[Tannins] Tests (7)

A
  1. Solubility
  2. Reaction with Ferric Salts
  3. Goldbeater’s Skin Test
  4. Phenazone Test
  5. Gelatin Test
  6. Test for Catechin
  7. Test for Chlorogenic Acid
47
Q

Plant Rich Sources of Tannins

Some drugs like ___ , ___ leaves and barks contain ___ and ___ tannins

A

Tea; Hamamelis; Hydrolysable and Non-Hydrolysable

48
Q

Plant Rich Sources of Tannins

Flowers: ?

A

Lime, Hawthorn

49
Q

Plant Rich Sources of Tannins

Fruits: ?

A

Cranberry, Grapes, Hawthorn

50
Q

Plant Rich Sources of Tannins

Seeds: ?

A

Areca, Cacao, Guarana, Kola

51
Q

Plant Rich Sources of Tannins

Leaves: ?

A

Hamamelis, Hawthorn

52
Q

Plant Rich Sources of Tannins

Barks: ?

A

Acacia, Cinnamon, Hamamelis, Oak, Willow, Wild Cherry

53
Q

Plant Rich Sources of Tannins

Roots and Rhizomes: ?

A

Krameria, Male fern

54
Q

Plant Rich Sources of Tannins

Extracts and Dried Juices: ?

A

Acacia Catechu, Mangrove, East Indian Kino, Eucalyptus Kino, Butea Gum

55
Q

Tannin-Rich Plant Families

Combretaceae: ?

A

Quisqualis

56
Q

Tannin-Rich Plant Families

Geraniaceae: ?

A

Geraniums

57
Q

Tannin-Rich Plant Families

Leguminosae: ?

A

Acacia, Tamarind

58
Q

Tannin-Rich Plant Families

Myrtaceae: ?

A

Eucalyptus, Guava

59
Q

Tannin-Rich Plant Families

Polygonaceae: ?

A

Buckwheat

60
Q

Tannin-Rich Plant Families

Rosaceae: ?

A

Red rose

61
Q

Tannin-Rich Plant Families

Rubiaceae: ?

A

Gambir

62
Q

Tannin-Rich Plant Families

Theaceae: ?

A

Tea

63
Q

Safety Considerations

a. Habitual chewing of Betel Nut

A

High rates of oral esophageal cancer in India and South Africa

64
Q

Safety Considerations

b. Drinking of Ordinary Tea

A

Lower incidence of esophageal cancer in British than Dutch

PPC MIDTERMS (3 decks)

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