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Tannins Flashcards

1
Q

Denote to a substance present in plant extract which were able to combine with protein of animal hides, prevent their putrefaction and convert them into leather

A

Tannins

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2
Q

The term Tannins was first applied by ___ in ___

A

Seguin 1796

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3
Q

Tannins is detected qualitatively by a tanning test, also called as __, and is determined quantitatively by its absorption on standard hide powder?

A

Goldbeater’s Skin Test

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4
Q

Many tannins are __ .

A

Glycosides

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5
Q

What fruit acids are Tannins source of? (6)

A
  1. Glycolic
  2. Lactic
  3. Mandelic
  4. Malic
  5. Tartaric
  6. Citric
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6
Q

Where are Tannins found? (3)

A
  1. Immature Fruits
  2. Specific plant parts (leaves, fruits, barks, or stem)
  3. Great quantities in dead or drying cells
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7
Q

Occur in solution in ___ , often in distinct ___ .

A

Cell sap; vacuoles

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8
Q

Other properties of Tannins (6)

A
  1. Plant polyphenols
  2. “Tannin Extracts”
  3. Non-crystallizable
  4. Complex substances
  5. Precipitate proteins
  6. Sharp “puckering” taste
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9
Q

Mixture of polyphenols and noncrystallizable compounds

A

Complex Substance

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10
Q

3 Classification of Tannins

A
  1. Hydrolysable Tannins
  2. Non-hydrolyzable Tannins
  3. Pseudotannins
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11
Q

This may be hydrolyzed by acids or enzymes such as Tannase

A

Hydrolysable Tannins

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12
Q

Hydrolysable Tannins form several molecules of ___ as ___ and ___ which are united by ___ to a ___ .

A

phenolic acids; Gallic acid; Hexahydroxy-diphenic acid; ester linkages; central glucose molecules

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13
Q

Hydrolysable tannins are formerly known as ___ . (dry distillation, Gallic acid and similar components are converted to Pyrogallol)

A

Pyrogallol Tannins

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14
Q

Hydrolysable tannins are when they are treated with ___ . - Phenolic acids (3)

A

Acids/Enzymes;

  1. Gallic acid
  2. Ellagic acid
  3. Glucose
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15
Q

Hydrolysable tannins are classified to ___ from which they derived: (2)

A

Polyhedric phenol;

  1. Gallitannins (Gallic acid)
  2. Ellagitannins – Hexahydroxy-diphenic acid units
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16
Q

[Hydrolysable Tannins] Blue precipitate

A

Ferric chloride

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17
Q

[Hydrolysable Tannins] No precipitate

A

Bromides

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18
Q

Are not readily hydrolyzed to simpler molecules and they do not contain a sugar moiety.

A

Non-hydrolysable Tannins

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19
Q

Non-hydrolysable Tannins or Condensed Tannins (4)

A
  1. Proanthocyanidins
  2. Polyflavonoids
  3. Catechol-type
  4. Pyrocatecollic-type tannins
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20
Q

Non-Hydrolysable Tannins are related to the ___ and have ___ structures.

A

Flavonoid pigments; Polymetric Flavan-3-ol

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21
Q

___ which also occur with the tannins and ___ in the biosynthesis of the molecules

A

Catechins; Flavan

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22
Q

Non-hydrolysable tannins are when subjected to dry distillation?

A

Catechol called as Catechol tannins

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23
Q

[Non-Hydrolysable Tannins] Greenish

A

Ferric chloride

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24
Q

[Non-Hydrolysable Tannins] Precipitate

A

Bromides

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25
Compounds of lower molecular weight than true tannins and they do not respond to the Goldbeater’s skin test
Pseudotannins
26
Pseudotannins are formed by either linkages between two or more molecules of Phenolic acid, which are?
1. Digallic 2. Chlorogenic acid
27
[Pseudotannins] others are derivatives of Flavan
Catechins/Catechols
28
Examples of Pseudotannins (4)
1. Gallic acid 2. Catechins 3. Chlorogenic acid 4. Ipecacuanha acid
29
[Pseudotannins] Gallic acid: ?
Rhubarb and most materials which contains Gallitannins
30
[Pseudotannins] Catechins: ?
Catechu, Acacia cutch, Kino, Cocoa, Guarana
31
[Pseudotannins] Chlorogenic acid
Unroasted coffee, Nux vomica
32
[Pseudotannins] Ipecacuanha acid
Ipecacuanha
33
Colors Obtained a. Catechol Tannins Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannins Heated: ?
Catechol
34
Colors Obtained a. Catechol Tannins Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannins Boiled with HCL: ?
Insoluble red Phlobaphenes
35
Colors Obtained a. Catechol Tannins Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannins Treated with FeCl3 T.S.: ?
Green color
36
Colors Obtained a. Catechol Tannins Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannins Treated with Bromine T.S.:?
Formed precipitate
37
Colors Obtained a. Catechol Tannins Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannins Examples: ?
Kino, Gambir
38
Colors Obtained b. Pyrogallol Tannins Heated: ?
Pyrogallol
39
Colors Obtained b. Pyrogallol Tannins Boiled with HCL: ?
Gallic acid/Ellagic acid
40
Colors Obtained b. Pyrogallol Tannins Treated with FeCl3 TS: ?
Blue color
41
Colors Obtained b. Pyrogallol Tannins Treated with Bromine T.S.
No precipitate
42
Colors Obtained b. Pyrogallol Tannins Examples: ?
Nut gall, Oak bark, Pomegranate bark
43
Uses of Tannins: (6)
1. Antiseptic 2. Astringent 3. Antidote for Alkaloidal poisoning 4. Preservative on leather 5. Laboratory reagent for protein and alkaloid identification. 6. Ink industries *Caution: Carcinogenic potential*
44
Other Therapeutic Activities of Tannins a. As antioxidants (3)
1. Leucoanthocyanidins 2. Proanthocyanidins 3. Pycnogenol
45
Other Therapeutic Activities of Tannins b. Improves peripheral circulation, capillary fragility, retinopathies, inflammatory collagen disease
1. Grape seeds – Vitis vinifera 2. Needles and barks of Pine trees – Pinus pinaster
46
[Tannins] Tests (7)
1. Solubility 2. Reaction with Ferric Salts 3. Goldbeater's Skin Test 4. Phenazone Test 5. Gelatin Test 6. Test for Catechin 7. Test for Chlorogenic Acid
47
Plant Rich Sources of Tannins Some drugs like ___ , ___ leaves and barks contain ___ and ___ tannins
Tea; Hamamelis; Hydrolysable and Non-Hydrolysable
48
Plant Rich Sources of Tannins Flowers: ?
Lime, Hawthorn
49
Plant Rich Sources of Tannins Fruits: ?
Cranberry, Grapes, Hawthorn
50
Plant Rich Sources of Tannins Seeds: ?
Areca, Cacao, Guarana, Kola
51
Plant Rich Sources of Tannins Leaves: ?
Hamamelis, Hawthorn
52
Plant Rich Sources of Tannins Barks: ?
Acacia, Cinnamon, Hamamelis, Oak, Willow, Wild Cherry
53
Plant Rich Sources of Tannins Roots and Rhizomes: ?
Krameria, Male fern
54
Plant Rich Sources of Tannins Extracts and Dried Juices: ?
Acacia Catechu, Mangrove, East Indian Kino, Eucalyptus Kino, Butea Gum
55
Tannin-Rich Plant Families Combretaceae: ?
Quisqualis
56
Tannin-Rich Plant Families Geraniaceae: ?
Geraniums
57
Tannin-Rich Plant Families Leguminosae: ?
Acacia, Tamarind
58
Tannin-Rich Plant Families Myrtaceae: ?
Eucalyptus, Guava
59
Tannin-Rich Plant Families Polygonaceae: ?
Buckwheat
60
Tannin-Rich Plant Families Rosaceae: ?
Red rose
61
Tannin-Rich Plant Families Rubiaceae: ?
Gambir
62
Tannin-Rich Plant Families Theaceae: ?
Tea
63
Safety Considerations a. Habitual chewing of Betel Nut
High rates of oral esophageal cancer in India and South Africa
64
Safety Considerations b. Drinking of Ordinary Tea
Lower incidence of esophageal cancer in British than Dutch

PPC MIDTERMS (3 decks)

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