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PPC MIDTERMS > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Lipids are? (4)

A
  1. Fixed oils
  2. Fats
  3. Waxes
  4. Fatty acids
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2
Q

Esters of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols or of closely related derivatives

A

Lipids

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3
Q

Lipids are soluble in ___ and generally ___

A

non-polar organic solvents; insoluble in water

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4
Q

Uses of Lipids

a. Medical/Pharmaceutical (4)

A
  1. Emollient
  2. Vehicles for medications
  3. Therapeutic property
  4. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition
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5
Q

Uses of Lipids

b. Industries (2)

A
  1. Soaps
  2. Paints
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6
Q

CHIEF DIFFERENCE

Type of Alcohol

a. Fixed oils and Fats

A

Glycerol combine with Fatty Acids

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7
Q

CHIEF DIFFERENCE

Type of Alcohol

b. Waxes

A

High mol. wt. alcohol (Cetyl alcohol) combined with Fatty acids

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8
Q

Sources of Lipids (4)

A
  1. Fixed oils and Fats
  2. Vegetables Oils and Fats
  3. Fixed oils (Drying oils, Semi-drying oils, and Non-Drying oils)
  4. Waxes
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9
Q

SOURCES

a. Fixed oils and Fats are obtained from either: (2)

A
  1. Plants: Peanut oil, olive oil
  2. Animal: Lard
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10
Q

Primary function is for food (energy) storage?

A

Fixed oils and Fats

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11
Q

Important products used pharmaceutically, industrially and as food

A

Fixed oils and Fats

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12
Q

May occur in various parts of the plants, but as a general rule in seeds

A

Vegetable oils and Fats

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13
Q

May contain larger quantities and the usual sources of fixed oils

A

Seeds

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14
Q

We can get vegetable oils and fats from? (7)

A
  1. Castor seed
  2. Cotton seed
  3. Sesame seed
  4. Hemp seed
  5. Linseed
  6. Almond seed
  7. Coconut
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15
Q

Fixed oils are sometimes classified as? (3)

A
  1. Drying oils
  2. Semi-drying oils
  3. Non-drying oils
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16
Q

Sources of Lipids that may also be of plant and animal origin

A

Waxes

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17
Q

Melting Point

a. Fixed oils and Fats

A

Liquid at normal temperature

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18
Q

Melting Point

b. Waxes

A

Semi-solid to solid at ordinary temperature

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19
Q

Constituents

Many drugs contain ___ and ___ as their principal constituents

A

Fixed oils and Fats

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20
Q

There are no chemical differences of Fixed Oils and Fats of plants or animal origin

A

Yes

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21
Q

Most Vegetable oils are ___ at ___ temperature

A

Liquid; ordinary

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22
Q

The only Solid Vegetable oil

A

Cocoa butter

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23
Q

Most Animal fats are ___ .

A

Solid

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24
Q

The only Liquid Animal fat

A

Cod Liver Oil

25
Q

___ are separated from other tissues by rendering ___

A

Animal Fats; with steam or without steam

26
Q

Fixed Oils and Fats of Vegetative Origin are obtained by ?

A

Expression in Hydraulic Presses

27
Q

Fixed Oils and Fats of Vegetative Origin are obtained by Expression in Hydraulic Presses:

a. Cold

A

Virgin/ Cold Pressed Oil

28
Q

Fixed Oils and Fats of Vegetative Origin are obtained by Expression in Hydraulic Presses:

b. Hot

A

Hot-Pressed Oil

29
Q

Sometimes ___ are used for the ___

A

organic solvents; extraction of oils

30
Q

Classification of Lipids

Fixed Oils: Saturated (3)

A
  1. Coconut oil
  2. Palm oil
  3. Palm Kernel oil
31
Q

Classification of Lipids

Fixed Oils: Monounsaturated (4)

A
  1. Castor oil
  2. Olive oil
  3. Peanut oil
  4. Rapeseed Oil
32
Q

Classification of Lipids

Fixed Oils: Polyunsaturated (10)

A
  1. Almond oil
  2. Corn oil
  3. Cottonseed oil
  4. Cod liver oil
  5. Linseed oil
  6. Persic oil
  7. Soybean oil
  8. Sesame oil
  9. Safflower oil
  10. Sunflower oil
33
Q

Fats and Related Compounds (5)

A
  1. Theobroma Oil – Cacao Butter/Cocoa Butter
  2. Lanolin – Hydrous Wool fat
  3. Anhydrous Lanolin – Wool fat
  4. Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils
  5. Lard
34
Q

Esters resulting from the condensation of high molecular weight, straight-chain acids and alcohols

A

Waxes

35
Q

Well known Waxes: (3)

A
  1. Beeswax
  2. Carnauba wax
  3. Spermaceti
36
Q

Chemical name of Beeswax

A

CH3(CH2)14CO2-(CH2)15CH3

37
Q

Chemical name of Carnauba Wax

A

CH3(CH2)24CO2-(CH2)29CH3

38
Q

Chemical name of Spermaceti

A

CH3(CH2)30CO2-(CH2)33CH3

39
Q

General uses of Waxes

A
  1. Hardens ointment and creams
  2. Preparation of Cerates
  3. Protective coatings in industry and art
40
Q

Waxes in Plants (2)

A
  1. Carnauba wax
  2. Bayberry wax
41
Q

Waxes in Insects (2)

A
  1. Beeswax
  2. Lacwax
42
Q

Waxes in other Animals (1)

A
  1. Spermaceti
43
Q

No C-C double bonds

A

Saturated Fatty Acids

44
Q

Saturated fatty acids of less than ___ are liquid at physiological temperature

A

eight carbon atoms

45
Q

Saturated fatty acids of more than ___ are solid at physiological temperature

A

ten carbon atoms

46
Q

The presence of ___ in fatty acids significantly lowers the melting point relative to a saturated fatty acid

A

double bonds

47
Q

Examples of Saturated Fatty Acids (5)

A
  1. Lauric acid
  2. Myristic acid
  3. Palmitic acid
  4. Stearic acid
  5. Arachidic acid
48
Q

With double bonds

A

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

49
Q

___ saturates the double bonds to form ___ that may polymerize to form hard films (important in film industry)

A

Oxygen; oxides

50
Q

Double bonds also take up ___ in the proper conditions producing ___ that are used extensively as ___

A

hydrogen; semi-solid fats; cooking fats and shortening

51
Q

___ are classified based on their ability to absorb ___ from the air (Drying oils, Semi Drying oils, and Non-drying Oils)

A

Fixed oils; oxygen

52
Q

USP Test for Fatty Acid (5)

A
  1. Ester Value
  2. Saponification Value
  3. Acid Value/Acid Number
  4. Iodine Number
  5. USP Tests
53
Q

USP test for fatty acid where the number of mg of KOH required to saponify the esters contained in 1 g of the substance

A

Ester value

54
Q

USP test for fatty acid where the number of mg of KOH required to neutralized the free acids and saponify the esters contained in 1 g of the substance is equal to the sum of Acid Value and Ester Value

A

Saponification Value

55
Q

USP test for fatty acid where the number of mg of KOH required to neutralize the free acids contained in 1 g of the substance

A

Acid value/Acid number

56
Q

USP test for fatty acid where the number of grams of Iodine absorbed, under prescribed conditions, by 100 g of the substance

A

Iodine number

57
Q

Examples of FIxed Oils

Drying oils (5)

A
  1. Castor seed
  2. Croton seed
  3. Linseed
  4. Candlenut
  5. Physic nut
58
Q

Examples of Fixed Oils

Non-Drying Oils (8)

A
  1. Cashew nut
  2. Coconut
  3. Cottonseed
  4. Cacao seed
  5. Olive seed
  6. Peanut
  7. Sesame seed
  8. Sweet almond seed
59
Q

Examples of Fats and Waxes (8)

A
  1. Honey
  2. Entada
  3. Horse-radish tree
  4. Squash
  5. Lard
  6. Spermaceti
  7. White wax
  8. Wool fat

PPC MIDTERMS (3 decks)

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