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Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Lipids are? (4)

A
  1. Fixed oils
  2. Fats
  3. Waxes
  4. Fatty acids
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2
Q

Esters of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols or of closely related derivatives

A

Lipids

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3
Q

Lipids are soluble in ___ and generally ___

A

non-polar organic solvents; insoluble in water

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4
Q

Uses of Lipids

a. Medical/Pharmaceutical (4)

A
  1. Emollient
  2. Vehicles for medications
  3. Therapeutic property
  4. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition
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5
Q

Uses of Lipids

b. Industries (2)

A
  1. Soaps
  2. Paints
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6
Q

CHIEF DIFFERENCE

Type of Alcohol

a. Fixed oils and Fats

A

Glycerol combine with Fatty Acids

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7
Q

CHIEF DIFFERENCE

Type of Alcohol

b. Waxes

A

High mol. wt. alcohol (Cetyl alcohol) combined with Fatty acids

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8
Q

Sources of Lipids (4)

A
  1. Fixed oils and Fats
  2. Vegetables Oils and Fats
  3. Fixed oils (Drying oils, Semi-drying oils, and Non-Drying oils)
  4. Waxes
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9
Q

SOURCES

a. Fixed oils and Fats are obtained from either: (2)

A
  1. Plants: Peanut oil, olive oil
  2. Animal: Lard
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10
Q

Primary function is for food (energy) storage?

A

Fixed oils and Fats

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11
Q

Important products used pharmaceutically, industrially and as food

A

Fixed oils and Fats

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12
Q

May occur in various parts of the plants, but as a general rule in seeds

A

Vegetable oils and Fats

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13
Q

May contain larger quantities and the usual sources of fixed oils

A

Seeds

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14
Q

We can get vegetable oils and fats from? (7)

A
  1. Castor seed
  2. Cotton seed
  3. Sesame seed
  4. Hemp seed
  5. Linseed
  6. Almond seed
  7. Coconut
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15
Q

Fixed oils are sometimes classified as? (3)

A
  1. Drying oils
  2. Semi-drying oils
  3. Non-drying oils
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16
Q

Sources of Lipids that may also be of plant and animal origin

A

Waxes

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17
Q

Melting Point

a. Fixed oils and Fats

A

Liquid at normal temperature

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18
Q

Melting Point

b. Waxes

A

Semi-solid to solid at ordinary temperature

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19
Q

Constituents

Many drugs contain ___ and ___ as their principal constituents

A

Fixed oils and Fats

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20
Q

There are no chemical differences of Fixed Oils and Fats of plants or animal origin

A

Yes

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21
Q

Most Vegetable oils are ___ at ___ temperature

A

Liquid; ordinary

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22
Q

The only Solid Vegetable oil

A

Cocoa butter

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23
Q

Most Animal fats are ___ .

A

Solid

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24
Q

The only Liquid Animal fat

A

Cod Liver Oil

25
___ are separated from other tissues by rendering ___
Animal Fats; with steam or without steam
26
*Fixed Oils and Fats of Vegetative Origin* are obtained by ?
Expression in Hydraulic Presses
27
Fixed Oils and Fats of Vegetative Origin are obtained by Expression in Hydraulic Presses: a. Cold
Virgin/ Cold Pressed Oil
28
Fixed Oils and Fats of Vegetative Origin are obtained by Expression in Hydraulic Presses: b. Hot
Hot-Pressed Oil
29
Sometimes ___ are used for the ___
organic solvents; extraction of oils
30
Classification of Lipids Fixed Oils: Saturated (3)
1. Coconut oil 2. Palm oil 3. Palm Kernel oil
31
Classification of Lipids Fixed Oils: Monounsaturated (4)
1. Castor oil 2. Olive oil 3. Peanut oil 4. Rapeseed Oil
32
Classification of Lipids Fixed Oils: Polyunsaturated (10)
1. Almond oil 2. Corn oil 3. Cottonseed oil 4. Cod liver oil 5. Linseed oil 6. Persic oil 7. Soybean oil 8. Sesame oil 9. Safflower oil 10. Sunflower oil
33
Fats and Related Compounds (5)
1. Theobroma Oil – Cacao Butter/Cocoa Butter 2. Lanolin – Hydrous Wool fat 3. Anhydrous Lanolin – Wool fat 4. Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils 5. Lard
34
Esters resulting from the condensation of high molecular weight, straight-chain acids and alcohols
Waxes
35
Well known Waxes: (3)
1. Beeswax 2. Carnauba wax 3. Spermaceti
36
Chemical name of Beeswax
CH3(CH2)14CO2-(CH2)15CH3
37
Chemical name of Carnauba Wax
CH3(CH2)24CO2-(CH2)29CH3
38
Chemical name of Spermaceti
CH3(CH2)30CO2-(CH2)33CH3
39
General uses of Waxes
1. Hardens ointment and creams 2. Preparation of Cerates 3. Protective coatings in industry and art
40
Waxes in Plants (2)
1. Carnauba wax 2. Bayberry wax
41
Waxes in Insects (2)
1. Beeswax 2. Lacwax
42
Waxes in other Animals (1)
1. Spermaceti
43
No C-C double bonds
Saturated Fatty Acids
44
*Saturated fatty acids* of less than ___ are liquid at physiological temperature
eight carbon atoms
45
*Saturated fatty acids* of more than ___ are solid at physiological temperature
ten carbon atoms
46
The presence of ___ in fatty acids significantly lowers the melting point relative to a saturated fatty acid
double bonds
47
Examples of Saturated Fatty Acids (5)
1. Lauric acid 2. Myristic acid 3. Palmitic acid 4. Stearic acid 5. Arachidic acid
48
With double bonds
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
49
___ saturates the double bonds to form ___ that may *polymerize* to form hard films (important in film industry)
Oxygen; oxides
50
Double bonds also take up ___ in the proper conditions producing ___ that are used extensively as ___
hydrogen; semi-solid fats; cooking fats and shortening
51
___ are classified based on their ability to absorb ___ from the air (Drying oils, Semi Drying oils, and Non-drying Oils)
Fixed oils; oxygen
52
USP Test for Fatty Acid (5)
1. Ester Value 2. Saponification Value 3. Acid Value/Acid Number 4. Iodine Number 5. USP Tests
53
USP test for fatty acid where the number of mg of KOH required to saponify the esters contained in 1 g of the substance
Ester value
54
USP test for fatty acid where the number of mg of KOH required to neutralized the free acids and saponify the esters contained in 1 g of the substance is equal to the sum of Acid Value and Ester Value
Saponification Value
55
USP test for fatty acid where the number of mg of KOH required to neutralize the free acids contained in 1 g of the substance
Acid value/Acid number
56
USP test for fatty acid where the number of grams of Iodine absorbed, under prescribed conditions, by 100 g of the substance
Iodine number
57
Examples of FIxed Oils Drying oils (5)
1. Castor seed 2. Croton seed 3. Linseed 4. Candlenut 5. Physic nut
58
Examples of Fixed Oils Non-Drying Oils (8)
1. Cashew nut 2. Coconut 3. Cottonseed 4. Cacao seed 5. Olive seed 6. Peanut 7. Sesame seed 8. Sweet almond seed
59
Examples of Fats and Waxes (8)
1. Honey 2. Entada 3. Horse-radish tree 4. Squash 5. Lard 6. Spermaceti 7. White wax 8. Wool fat

PPC MIDTERMS (3 decks)

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