Voice Leading Flashcards
Escape tone
Approach by step left by leap
Appogitoras
Leap to and step from
Anticipation tone
Approached by step and left by common tone. Chord arrives eearly
Retardation tone
Approached by common tone left by step up. Similar to suspension
Suspension
Accented or unaccented
Approached by common tone and left by step down. Accented embellishing tone
Examples of suspensions
9-8, 7-6, 6-5, 4-3, 2-3
Parallel fives are allowed when….
Between different voices
Can you leap to perfect intefvals?
No
What are tendency tones
7, 4….need resolution
Avoid perfect intervals between outer voices UNLESS….
The soprano moves by step
How do chordal 7ths resolve
Down
How do you resolve leading tones? Outer voices? Inner voices?
Up in outer voices. Down by third in middle-voice?
How can you leap to a leading tone
No
Suspension matrix
Prep, suspend, resolve
Weak, strong, weak
Consonant, dissonant, consonant
Three types of passing and neighbor tones
Regular, chromatic, accentdd
Standard range of soprano
C below staff and g that sits on staff
Standard range of alto
G two ledger lines below staff and d in staff
Standard range of tenor
C in staff and g above staff
Standard range of bass
E below staff, c above staff
How much space can be between tenor and base
No more than twelfth
What chord can half cadences end on?
V but not V7
Chords in dominant function category
Fully diminished 7 and V
Chords in subdominant function category
Both 4s, minor two, fully diminished two
Quality of steps in major scale
WWhWWWh
Quality of steps in minor scale
WhWWhWW
Quality of steps in a harmonic scale
W h WW h 1.5 h
Melodic scale
Raised 6th and 7th reverts back to natural minor on the way down
Harmonic scale
Raised 7th
Parallel keys
Majors and minors who share tonics
What do relative keys share
Key signatures
How do you resolve 7ths in a V7 chord
Move down
What do V43 chords often resolve too
1 6
What cannot come before a cadentional 6/4
V
What type of beat is a pedal 6/4 on
Weak
What type of beat is a cadential 6/4 on
Strong
Contrapuntal
Two independent lines (Melodie’s)
Descending 5ths sequence
Roots alternative up 4 down 5
Ascending 5th sequence
Up 5 down 4
What two rules of voice leading don’t apply in sequences
You can double leading tone and you don’t have to raise scale degree 7 in minor
What are sequences based on
Roots not basses
How do your tendency tones resolve
4th down, 7th up
In a minor keys, what can’t scale degree six do
Move up by step
How do you approach an octave
Interval of 6th
Continuous
Ends on HC in home key or authentic cadence in new
Sectional
AC in home key
Rounded
Start of A returns in B section in home key
Balanced
Cadences of A/B rhyme. Remember can’t rhyme with same word
Simple
Cadences don’t rhyme
Coda
Follows recapitulation. Optional. In tonic key. Follows end of recap. Not repeated
Altered transition
Sounds like it’s modulating but it’s nottt… sequences, dominant prolongation, linear chromaticism.
What makes rondo a Ronda
A. The refrain. It’s the same every time. Home key
Deceptive cadence
V leads to a 6
Distantly related keys
Includes chromatic mediant. Further away than one sharp or flat
Pivot chords in chromatic movement
May only be diatonic to one key and be mode mixture in the other.
Strict chromatic sequence
Amount of half steps is the same each time. No longer diatonic
Equal division of octave
With strict chromatic sequences. If it repeats enough times it will return to where it started
Common tone modulation
Chord before modulation and chord after share a note . Often sustained without accompaniment
Can also be Enharmonically respelled
What are the types of chromatic modulation
Enharmonically reinterpreted o7, common tone modulation, pivot chord modulation, chromatic sequence
What is furthest modulation you can go?
Tritone?
