Post tonality Flashcards
Tonal
Functional. Leads towards cadential goals. Established norms
Scale
Collection of notes usually ascending order. In reference to central pitch and used as a base for composition
Collection
Group of distinct notes that don’t have specific order
How many transpositions of a diatonic collection
12
How are diatonic collections labeled
DIA, number of flats/shards, and on starting note
How many scalar ordering a for diatonic
7
What is the centric tone
First scale degree
Intervalic distances of pentatonic scale
Major- 22323
Minor- 32232
How many transpositions of pentatonic scale
12
How many offerings of pentatonic scale
5
How are pentatonic scales labeled
Pent, the major scale relative and what note it starts on
Pent C (no sharps/flats) on D (centric tone)
How are diatonic and pentatonic related
Complimentary- together make chromatic
Inclusion- every diatonic contains 3 pent
Every pent can be made diatonic with 2 notes
Pentatonic in relation to circle of fifths
Any 5 note segment
Diatonic in relation to circle of fifths
Any seven notes segment
Alternative way to label diatonic collections
Letter in relation to major/minor scale and which scale degree it starts on A Lydian. A major scale starting on scale degree 4
Ionian
Scale degree one
Dorian
Scale degree 2
Phrygian
Scale degree 3
Lydian
Scale degree 4
Mixolydian
Scale degree 5
Aeolian
Scale degree 6
Locrian
Scale degree 7
Centric in relation to tonal music
All tonal music is centric but not all centric is tonal
Things with limited transpositions
Whole tone scale, chromatic scale
How many octonic collections? What are
- OctCDb, OctC#D, OctDEb
How build octonic
Alternate whole and half steps
What chords common in octonic
2 o7 chords half step apart
How many hexatonic? What are
- C#D, CDb, D#E, DEb
How build hexatonic
Alternate 1 and three half steps
Chords in hexatonic
2 Aug triads half step apart
What compliments hexatonic
Complimentary in pairs
How many/what are whole tone scales?
2
WTC and WTC#
Given clearly audible root and third, what notes can be added to triad without changing sense of chord
Any.
Commonly extended with more thirds
What is triadic transformation
Non traditional way of relating triads
What are the types of triadic transformation
L (leading tone)
R (relative)
P (parallel)
Slide
Triadic transformation L
Leading tone
Minor third remains
R triadic transformation
Relative
Major third remains
P triadic transformation
Parallel
P5 remains, 3rd moves
Slide
Third remains
Two most common triadic chains
L- P
P- SLIDE
L-P
3 major/ 3 minor triads
4 versions. One for each hexatonic
P- Slide
12 major/12 minor triads
1 version
Roots move chromatically
Tonnetz
Map of all transformations of major and minor triads. Rows related by minor thirds. Columns by Major third
Planing
Parallel/similar motion often of triads to amplify melody.
Often follow familiar scale
Traditional voice leading rules of parallel 5/8 does not apply
Bitonality
2 keys at same time
Bitriadic and how related
Harmony built around clash between two triads
Related by P, R, L, SLIDE or intervals
L-P-R chains
12 chains of 6 triads that share a single note
Enharmonics in post tonal music
Convenience
How are intervals identified in post tonal
By number of semi tones
Ordered pitch intervals
Number of semitones and direction moved
Labeled with +/- in semitones on bracket
Unordered pitch intervals
Semitones moved. Which notes comes first is irrelevant
Intervalic motives and how labeled
2+ intervals
Labeled over bracket with < #1 +/-, #2 +/-, etc>
Pitch class
One pitch in octaves
Pitch class clockface
Pitch class interval
Distance between two pitch classes
Ex G-A# in different octaves, orderings, and spellings
Ordered pitch class intervals
Number of semitones between two notes. Put into same octave as first note (ascending from first note. Second note moves octaves)
Go around on pitch class clockface
How to use pitch class clockface
Move clockwise or subtract first note from second
Add 12 if negative. Minus if over 12
Same as changing octaves
Unordered pitch class intervals
Also called?
Shortest distance between two notes
Pitch class
How many different ordered pitch class intervals? What happens if we add interval inversions together?
11 (semitones)
Interval inversion cuts to 6 (semitones). Makes ordered pitch class intervals (IC)
Interval symmetry
Intervals bottom to top are same as top to bottom
Interval cycles. How many? How labeled?
Start and end in same place moving repeatedly by same interval
6 options
Labeled C1-C6 + interval class
Retrograde
Backwards
Retrograde inversion
Inverted then played backwards
Tone row
Must use all 12 and cannot repeat
Row form- how many and transpositions
4 flavors 12 transpositions each and 48 total
Pitch class sets
Basic building blocks of post tonal
Unordered collections of pitch classes
Trichords most common
Normal form
How we write notes in pitch classes
Ascending order, same octave, smallest interval between, has commas
Transposition
How labeled
Move each note by same ordered pitch class interval
Tn with n being semitones
Inversion
Invert around C
Note number of semitones above C becomes note semitones below C
First interval becomes last interval
Notes reflected across pitch class clockface
Compliment
Notes reflected by inversion
How invert
Find compliment then reverse order- that’s the normal form
Index of inversion
N in Tn of a TnI
Semitones transposed of something that is inverted then transposed
12 tone row
Must use all 12 pitches and cannot repeat
Series
Ordered line of notes sometimes called row
Prime form
Original or transposed version
Inversion of row
Invert around first note of form
D-E becomes D-C
Retrograde inversion
Invert then do it backwards
Prime form label
Px where x is the letter it starts on
Retrograde prime label
RPx with x being the note it ENDS on
12 tone matrix
Convenient way of presenting all 48 row/series forms
Set class and label
All pitch class sets related by transposition or inversion
The charrrtttt
LABELED WITH PRIME FORM Intervals (0XX)
Prime form
(0 then the interval between 1/2 and 2/3 ordered smallest to largest)
For set class
How make prime form
Transpose to start on c, subtract that number of semitones from “pre prime for” all numbers, will start on 0. check the charrrttt
Three ways to relate sets belonging to same class
Common tones, motivic transposition, and longer referential collections via some combinations of trichords from diatonic, hex, pent etc
How is sound of pitch class set determined
Interval classes
Invariance
Preservation of a collection of pitch classes when a 12 tone series is transposed and inverted
Combinatoriality
Combining a pitch class set with one or more transposed or inverted forms of itself or it’s compliment to create a collection of all 12 pitches
Aggregate
Collection of a 12 pitches
4 ways in which a series of three notes can be related
Inversion, transposition, retrograde, and retrograde inversion
Axis of symmetry
Also known as inversional axis
Centric tone or 2 a half step apart
Post tonal modulation
Shift from one axis of symmetry to another
Pitch symmetry
Notes that are inversional partners balance around central pitch (axis of symmetry)
Pitch class symmetry
Notes that are inversional partners around inversional axis on pitch class clockface
Inversional symmetry
An arrangement of notes that have same intervals going up as coming down
Expanding wedge progression
Notes move symmetrically outward from central pitches
Contracting wedge progression
Notes move symmetrically inward towards centric pitches
Other symmetric progressions
Notes don’t HAVE to be consistent as long as every pitch is as far above centric as another below (inversional partner)
Inversional partner
Two pitches equal distant above and below centric pitches
How labor interval classes
1-6
And technically 0 too
What interval class is half step
1
Interval class for 11 half steps
1
Interval class for whole step
2
Interval class for 10 semitones
2
Interval class for minor 3 (3 semitones)
3
Interval class for 9 semitones
3
Interval class for Major third (4 semitones)
4
Interval class for octave
4
Interval class for P4 (5 semitones)
5
Interval class for P5 (7 semitones)
5
Interval class for A4/D5 (6 semitones)
6
Interval class vector
How many uses per interval type
Labeled with 6 integer string each number representing interval classes 1-6
