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CD 661 Voice > Voice Disorders > Flashcards

Voice Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

This is one of the classifications for a voice disorder in which results from misuse or abuse of the vocal mechanism

A

Phonotrauma

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2
Q

Another classification for a voice disorder in which is a result from a disease process or may be congenital

A

Organic

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3
Q

This classification refers to the muscular tensions that can be found in the vocal mechanism

A

Functional

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4
Q

A classification for a voice disorder in which results from an underlying psychological issue and there is no identifiable vocal pathology

A

Psychogenic

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5
Q

The last of the classifications for voice disorders in which is a result from either damage to the RLN or SLN, disease that affects these nerves, brain injury, and or lesion

A

Neurological

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6
Q

True or False: Vocal Fold Nodules are caused due to chronic or continuous misuse of the vocal folds.

A

True

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7
Q

True or False: Vocal Fold Nodules are always unilateral

A

False - always Bilateral

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8
Q

The following are descriptions about Vocal Fold Nodules except for:

A.) occurs bilaterally

B.) soft, gelatinous at first and then hardens due to more collagen and fibronectin

C.) Interferse with mucosal wave

D.) Occurs at juncture of anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of vocal fold

A

D - Actually, occurs at anterior 1/3 and posterior 2/3 of vocal fold juncture

*Adds both mass and stiffness to vocal fold

*‘Hour glass glottic closure’

*Results in aperiodic vibration

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9
Q

What is this?

A

Soft Nodule

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10
Q

Vocal Fold Nodules:

Perceptual Characteristics: ________, _______, _____ _____, and ______/______

A

roughness, breathiness, decreased loudness, and vocal strain/effort

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11
Q

Vocal Fold Nodules:

Acoustic: decreased _______ and ________ ranges, increased _______/_______ perturbations, and increased ________ levels.

A

pitch and loudness ranges, increased frequency/intensity, noise

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12
Q

Vocal Fold Nodules:

Aerodynamics: _________ air flow rates, ________ subglottal pressure (Ps)

A

increased, increased

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13
Q

Stroboscopic Characteristic:

  • Hour glass glottic closure
  • Bilateral lesions at juncture of anterior 1/3 and posterior 2/3 of membranous VFs
  • Decreased or absent mucosal wave in region
  • Decreased amplitude of vibration
A

vocal fold nodule

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14
Q

True or False: Vocal Fold Nodules chronic or continuous misuse/abuse

A

True

*Excessive yelling, talking, screaming

*hard glottal attacks

*coughing or throat clearing

*laryngeal muscle tension

*incorrect singing

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15
Q

True or False: The possibility of a Vocal Fold Polyp to form increases if the Vocal Folds are already irritated

A

True

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16
Q

What is this?

A

Polyp

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17
Q

True or False: Vocal Fold Polyps are usually bilateral

A

False

*usually unilateral

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18
Q

All of the following are characteristics of Vocal Fold Polyps:

A.) Soft fluid filled growth of tissue in SLP

B.) Can be sessile or pedunculated

C.) Occur anywhere along membranous vocal fold, but are typically in same region as nodules

D.) Hour glass or irregular closure

E.) All of the above

A

E - All of the above

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19
Q

True or False: If the polyp is fluid-filled, the mass of the VF will increase and therfore decrease stiffness

A

True

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20
Q

Perceptual Characteristic:

______, _______, sometimes _________, and _______

A

rough, breathy, diplophonic, strained

Vocal Fold Polyp

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21
Q

Acoustic:

_______ pitch and ________ range, ______ frequency/intensity perturbations, _______ noise levels

A

decreased, loudness, increased, increased

Vocal Fold Polyp

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22
Q

Aerodynamic:

_______ air flow due to hourglass or irregular closure and _____ subglottal pressure

A

increased, increased

Vocal Fold Polyp

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23
Q

Videostroboscopic Characteristics

  • increased mass, unilateral
  • incomplete closure
  • aperiodicity
  • mucosal wave increased or decreased
A

Vocal Fold Polyp

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24
Q

Almost always related to smoking, build up of fluid in SLP, bilateral or unilateral,

A

Vocal Fold Edema or Reinke’s Edema

*increases mass of vocal folds (may increase or decrease stiffness)

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25
Q

What is this?

A

Reinke’s Edema

26
Q

Perceptual:

_______ fundamental frequency, _______, ______ effort

A

low, roughness, vocal

Reinke’s Edema

27
Q

Acoustic:

loss of _______ _______, _______ pitch range

A

high pitches, decreased

*Reinke’s Edema

28
Q

Aerodynamics:

______ air flow, normal Ps

A
  • increased*
  • **Reinke’s Edema
29
Q

Videostroboscopic

  • bilateral swelling along entire membranous length of VFs
  • complete glottic closure
  • if unilateral, affected VF may interfere with vibratio of unaffected VF
  • Phase asymmetry
  • Decreased amplitude of vibration
  • Mucosal wave: depends on degree of stiffness
A

Reinke’s Edema

30
Q

Caused by trauma to vocal fold tissue, vocal folds are erythematous and swollen, voice is hoarse and low pitched, resolves within two days

A

Traumatic Laryngitis

31
Q

What is this?

A

Acute Laryngitis

32
Q

What is this?

A

Vocal Fold Hemorrhage

33
Q

All of the following are causes for Vocal Fold Hemorrhage except for:

A.) Ruptured blood vessel in submucosal layer

B.) Usually by phonotrauma or trauma to VFs during surgery or medical procedure

C.) Use of anticoagulant medication decreases the risk

D.) Damaged by the blood

E.) All of the above exept for C

A

E - All of the above except for C

*rupture blood vessel, phonotrauma/trauma to VFs, use of anticoagulant medication increases the risk, and damaged by the blood

34
Q

Perceptual:

______ to ______ ; _______ness

A
  • dysphonia, aphonia; hoarse*
  • ** Vocal Fold Hemorrhage
35
Q

Acoustic:

_____ pitch and ______ range, _____ pitch and intensity perturbations

A
  • decreased, intensity, increased*
  • ** Vocal Fold Hemorrhage
36
Q

Videostroboscopic:

  • patchy red area on VF surface
  • decreased mucosal wave
  • decreased amplitude of vibration

*due to increased stiffness and mass

A

Vocal Fold Hemorrhage

37
Q

Vascular lesion, originate at the SLP at mid membranous portion, related to phonotrauma, more prevalent in women

A

Vocal Fold Varices / Ectasia

38
Q

Decreased mucosal wave due to increased VF stiffness, may or may not be perceptual symptoms, may cause decreased pitch range and some hoarseness

A
  • Vocal Fold Varices/Ectasia*
  • ** Vocal Fold Varices: superficial, enlarged and dilated veins

*Vocal Fold Ectasia: lesioned blood vessel, coelescent hemangiomatmous appearance

39
Q

What is this?

A

Vocal Fold Varices

40
Q

Due to blockage of glandular duct with subsequent retention of mucus, may occur after vocal abuse or can be congenital, usually unilateral and occurs more often in women

A

Vocal Fold Cysts

41
Q

What is this?

A

Vocal Fold Cyst

42
Q

Perceptual:

rough, breathy, might be low ______, ______ loudness

A

pitched, decreased

*Vocal Fold Cyst

43
Q

Acoustic:

_______ pitch range, _______, _______ noise levels

A

decreased, aperiodicity, increased

*Vocal Fold Cyst

44
Q

Aerodynamic:

______ airflow

A

increased

* Vocal Fold Cyst

45
Q

Videostroboscopic:

_____ or _____ mucosal wave

______ amplitude of vibration

_______ VF mass/stiffness of VF cover

______ or hourglass closure

A

absent/ decreased, decreased, increased, irregular

*Vocal Fold Cyst

46
Q

Muscle Tension Dysphonia is caused by the following:

A.) excessive extrinsic laryngeal muscle tension (supra and infrahyoid muscles and neck muscle)

B.) excessive internal/supraglottic laryngeal muscle tension

C.) by itself or secondary to a primary vocal pathology as a negative compensatory strategy

D.) All of the above

A

D - All of the above

47
Q

Clinical signs of extrinsic laryngeal MTD on laryngeal palpation:

A.) elevated laryngeal height

B.) narrow, tense thyroid space

C.) tension in suprahyoid muscle

D.) Tense tight floor of mouth

E.) All of the above

A

E - all of the above

*tense, tight thyrohyoid muscles, inability to lateralize larynx (left to right), base of tongue tension

48
Q

Videostroboscopic:

______ and ______ compression

______ compression

VF _______ and ______

_______ squeezing

_______ glottic closure, ______ gap or bowing

A

anterior, posterior, mediolateral, hyperadduction, foreshortening, supraglottic, incomplete, anterior

*Muscular Tension Dysphonia

49
Q

What is this?

A

Muscular Tension Dysphonia with Supraglottic squeezing

50
Q

Perceptual:

harsh, rough, breathy, tense, phonation breaks, normal pitch or elevated pitch, whispher, aphonia

A

MTD

51
Q

The phenomena where the adduction of the false vocal folds are used for phonation

A

Ventricular Phonation

*It can be both primary or secondary disorder
*FVF vibration may cause diplophonia

52
Q

Perceptual:

voice is rough and harsh, low pitched due to the mass of FVF or combined mass of true and false folds, breathy, monotone, decreased pitch range

A

Ventricular Phonation

53
Q

Persistence of child-like voice quality after puberty

A

Puberphonia

54
Q

Perceptual:

voice is high pitched, hoarse and breathy, decreased loudness, pitch lowers during heavy lifting or shouting

A

Puberphonia

55
Q

Videostroboscopic:

Incomplete glottic glosure, stiff VFs, decreased amplitude

A

Puberphonia

56
Q

Complete loss of voice (aphonia) with no underlying physical cause

A

Conversion Aphonia

57
Q

The following are characteristics of Conversion Aphonia except for:

A.) nonphonatory VF movements are normal

B.) on phonation, VF movement is irregular and adduction inadequate to produce vibration

C.) Onset of aphonia is associated with fear, stress, or traumatic event

D.) Non-speech functions such as throat clearing, coughing, laughing, show normal VF movement

E.) All of the above

A

E - All of the above

58
Q

Characterized by Vocal Fold adduction during quiet breathing

A

Paradoxical Vocal Cord Movement

59
Q

Vocal fold adduction during inhalation

A

Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement

60
Q

Complain of throat tightness, neck tightness, chronic cough, stridor, wheezing, voice may be (hoarse, weak, breathy, strangled)

A

Paradoxical Vocal Cord Movement

CD 661 Voice (13 decks)

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