Laryngeal Anatomy

Question 1

What are the three functions of the larynx?

Answer 1

• protects the airway
• pressure valving
• phonation

Question 2

How many laryngeal cartilages are there?

A) 5

B) 9

C) 12

D) 7

E) 10

Answer 2

B - 9 Laryngeal Cartilages

(Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoid [2], Cuneiform, Corniculate [2], and Epiglottis)

Question 3

The Epiglottis is attached to both the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone via these two these two ligaments:

Answer 3

• attached to thyroid cartilage at thyroid notch via thyroid ligament
• -*attached near hyoid bone via hyoepiglottic ligament

Question 4

The Digastric Muscle helps ______ the larynx:

Answer 4

-elevate

Question 5

The anterior belly of the diagstric muscle starts ______ and inserts into the _______.

Answer 5

-lower border of mandible near mandibular symphysis and inserts into the intermediate tendon

Question 6

The posterior belly of the digastric starts at the ______ and inserts into the _______.

Answer 6

-mastoid process and inserts into the intermediate tendon

Question 7

The Geniohyoid muscle starts at the _________ and inserts into the ________.

Answer 7

-mental spine (mental symphysis) of the mandible and inserts into the body of hyoid

*pulls hyoid anteriorly and up, elevating the larynx

Question 8

The Mylohyoid Muscle starts at the ______ and inserts into the _______.

Answer 8

• mylohyoid line of mandible and inserts into the midline raphe
• **pulls hyoid anteriorly and up, elevating the larynx

Question 9

The Stylohyoid Muscle starts at the _______ and inserts into the _______.

Answer 9

• styloid process of temporal bone and inserts into the body of hyoid
• **draws hyoid up and back (elevating the larynx)

Question 10

The Omohyoid Muscle (Inferior Belly) starts at the ______ and inserts into the _______.

Answer 10

-scapula and inserts into the intermediate tendon

*pulls hyoid down and back (lowering larynx)

Question 11

The Omohyoid Muscle (Superior Belly) starts at the _____ and inserts into the ______.

Answer 11

• intermediate tendon and inserts into the great horn of hyoid
• **pulls hyoid down and back (lowering larynx)

Question 12

The Sternohyoid Muscle starts at the ______ and inserts into the _______.

Answer 12

-manubrium of sternum & end of clavicle and inserts into the lower border body of hyoid

*pulls down on hyoid (lowers larynx)

Question 13

The Sternothyroid starts at the ______ and inserts into the _______.

Answer 13

-manubrium of sternum and inserts into the oblique line of thyroid

*pulls down thyroid cartilage (lowering larynx)

Question 14

The Thyrohyoid Muscle starts at the _____ and inserts into the ______.

Answer 14

• oblique line of thyroid and inserts into the hyoid
• **elevates larynx or depresses hyoid

Question 15

The Extrinsic Muscles are muscles that have attachments _______.

Answer 15

-one on the larynx and one outside of the larynx.

*includes the Infra and Supra Hyoid Muscles

Question 16

The Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles both have origin and insertion on the ______.

Answer 16

-Larynx.

[PCA, LCA, Trans. & Oblique Artyenoids, CT, and TA]
*Posterior Cricoarytenoid, Cricothyroid, Thyroarytenoid

Question 17

The PCA starts at the ______ and inserts into the _______.

Answer 17

-posterior surface of cricoid cartilage and inserts into the muscular process of artyenoid cartilage

*Function: abducts the VFs by rocking the AC back (rotating the vocal process away from midline)
*ONLY LARYNGEAL ABDUCTORS
*INNERVATED BY RLN

Question 18

The LCA (Lateral Cricoarytenoid) starts at the _____ and inserts into the ______.

Answer 18

-upper border & anterolateral arch of cricoid and inserts into the muscular process of arytenoids

*Function:adducts vocal processes&adducts membranous portions of vocal folds
*INNERVATED BY RLN

Question 19

The Oblique Arytenoid starts at the _____ and inserts into the ______.

Answer 19

-muscular process of AC and inserts into the apex of opposite arytenoid

*ADDUCTS ARYTENOID

Question 20

The Transvers Arytenoid starts at the ______ and inserts into the _____.

Answer 20

• lateral posterior of AC and inserts into the opposite AC
• **ADDUCTS ARYTENOIDS

Question 21

The Pars Oblique (Cricothyroid) starts at the _____ and inserts into the _______.

Answer 21

-anterolateral arch of cricoid and inserts into the inferior horn of thyroid

*When contracted: decreases distance b/w thyroid and cricoid & increases distance between thyroid and arytenoid (lengthening VFs)
*INNERVATED BY SLN

Question 22

The Pars Recta (Cricothyroid) starts at the _____ and inserts into the ______.

Answer 22

-anterior surface of the cricoid cartilage beneath arch and inserts into the lower surface of thyroid lamina

**When contracted: decreases distance b/w thyroid and cricoid & increases distance between thyroid and arytenoid (lengthening VFs)
*INNERVATED BY SLN

Question 23

The Thyroarytenoid Muscle starts at the _____ and inserts into the ______.

Answer 23

• deep surface of thyroid angle and inserts into the lateral/inferior aspect of vocal processes or some to muscular process
• **Function:decreases distance between thyroid and arytenoid cartillages (shortens VFs, relaxes cover, tenses body, bulks VFs [either +- pitch])

Question 24

The Superior Laryngeal Branch of Vagus Nerve has two branches:

Answer 24

-Internal & External Branch

• Internal -*enters larynx thru opening in thyrohyoid membrane (sensory: supraglottic area of larynx)
• External -* motor innervation to cricothyroid and inferior pharyngeal constrictor (sensory: surface of pharyngeal constrictors)

Question 25

The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (Right) loops around the ______ and ascends along the ______.

Answer 25

-subclavian artery ; trachea

Question 26

The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (Left) loops around left side of _____ and ascends along the ______.

Answer 26

• aortic branch ; trachea
• **Motor innervation to allIntrinsic Laryngeal Muscles except CT and sensory info from infraglottic larynx