Vocbulary on Evoulution

Question 1

Varaiation

Answer 1

Within a species each member
has slight differences.

Question 2

Competetion

Answer 2

There isn’t enough land
/food / water / mates for every
member of the species so they compete.

Question 3

Survival of the fittest

Answer 3

The better adapted
(“fittest”) members of
these species are more
likely to survive.
1) Variation

Question 4

Genes

Answer 4

These survivors will
pass on their genes to
their offspring.

Question 5

Fossil Record

Answer 5

Made up of all the fossils ever discovered on Earth

Question 6

Mineralzation

Answer 6

This is a process where the Minerals of water fill the small spaces of a dead organisms tissues and become rock.

Question 7

Carbonazation

Answer 7

This happens when a dead plant or animal is subjected to prssure over time which causes it to drive off all liqueds and gases, leaving just the outline of the dead organism

Question 8

Molds and Casts

Answer 8

Mold: The impression of an organism in a rock is called a mold.
Cast: Is a fossil copy of an organism in a rock.
Molds and casts show only the outside parts of living organisms.

Question 9

Trace Fossils

Answer 9

Is the perserved evidence of the activity of an organism
(EX. an organism might walk across mud and leave tracks. The tracks can become trace fossils if they fill with mud or sand that later hardens)

Question 10

Original Material

Answer 10

!This is a rare case! The actual parts of an organism can be preserved.
(EX. A Wooly mamoth in ice or perserved human bodies from ancient times)

Question 11

Relative- Age Dating

Answer 11

Is the layters of Rocks that helped relative order of when ceartin species appered on Earth over time. The layers on the bottom is older than the layers on the top.

Question 12

Absoulute- Age Dating

Answer 12

!This is more exact than Relative Age dating =! Scinticests use a natrual process called radioactve decay. In this process, unstable istopes in rocks change into stable istopes over time then masure the ratio of unstable istopes to stable istopes.

Question 13

Istopes

Answer 13

Atoms of the same element that have diffrent numbers of neutrons.

Question 14

Igneous rock

Answer 14

These rocks are formed from volcanic magma.

Question 15

Sedmentary Rock

Answer 15

These rocks are the ones formed in mud and sand which is most common.

Question 16

Geologic time scale

Answer 16

Is a chart that divides Earth’s history into different time units.

Question 17

Eons

Answer 17

This is the longest time unit in the geologic time scale

Question 18

Extincton

Answer 18

Occurs when the last inndivudal organism of a species dies.

Question 19

Environmental Change

Answer 19

Its a change in the enviorment.
(EX. Loss of resources or natural disasters damaging a enviorment)

Question 20

Biological evolution

Answer 20

is the change over time in populations of related organisms.

Question 21

Common ancestor

Answer 21

Its one specie that helped developed other diffrent types of species but not the same just a part in their DNA.

Question 22

Comparative anatomy

Answer 22

The study of similarites and differences among the structures of living species.

Question 22

Homologous Structures

Answer 22

structures are body parts of organisms that are similar in structure and position but different in function.

Question 23

Analogous structure

Answer 23

Are body parts that perform a similar function but differ in structure.

Question 24

Vestigial structure

Answer 24

Are body parts that have lost their original function through evolution.

Question 25

Embryology

Answer 25

The science of the development of embryos from fertilization to birth.

Question 26

Pharyngeal Pouches

Answer 26

These pouchs become diffrent body parts in each verterbrate but in each part it is in the face or neck.

Question 27

Molecular biolgy

Answer 27

Is the study of gene structure and function.

Question 28

Molecular clock

Answer 28

This is to estimate when in the past living species split from common ancestors.

Question 29

Charels Darwin

Answer 29

Is a English science naturalist who in the mid 1800s developed a theory on how evoulution works.

Question 30

Natruaslit

Answer 30

Is a person who studies plants and animals by observing them.

Question 31

variation

Answer 31

Is a slight difference in the appearance of individual members of a species.

Question 32

Nautral selection

Answer 32

Is the process by which populations of organisms with variations that help them survive in their enviorments live longer, compete better, and reproduce more than those that do not have the variations.

Question 33

Adaption

Answer 33

Is a characteristic of a species that enables the species to survive in its enviorment.

Question 34

Camoflauge and mimircy

Answer 34

Camolfaluge: Is an adaptation that enables species to blend in witht heir enviorments.

Mimircy: The resemblance of one species to another species.

(Both of these are helpfuly adaptations)

Question 35

Selective Breeding

Answer 35

The breeding of organisms for desired characteristic.

Question 36

Artifical selection

Answer 36

This is where instead of nature picking the varaitons, humans do by selective breeding.