Vocabulary X Flashcards
Matter
any material that has mass and takes up space
Mass
the measure of the amount of matter in a substance
Weight
the measure of the amount of matter in a substance including the force of gravity on the substance
Plasma
the most common phase of matter in the universe. It makes up stars and the sun
Organic matter
refers to material that was once living and is made up of carbon
Elements
are the smallest form of the substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means
Atoms
are the smallest particle of an element that is still that element
Periodic table
a chart arranged in order of increasing number of protons in an element
Nucleus
the center of an atom where protons and neutrons are found
Protons
a positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It is the identity of the element
Electrons
a negatively charged particle surrounding the nucleus
Neutrons
a neutrally charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
Electron cloud
the general area in an atom where electrons are found
Energy level
areas, or levels, within the electron cloud where certain numbers of electrons are found
Atomic number
the same as the number of protons
Isotope
variations found in nature of the same element that have a different number of neutrons in their nucleus
Atomic Mass
for Earth science purposes, it is the mass of the most common isotope of that element when rounded
Mass Number
the mass of the combined protons and neutrons of an isotope
Ion
an atom that has gained or lost an electron
Covalent bond
a type of bond where two atoms share their electrons
Ionic bond
a type of bond where one Atom either gives up or takes an electron from another atom
Molecules
two or more atoms held together by a covalent bond
Hydrogen bond
the bond that occurs between an electropositive hydrogen atom in one molecule and an electronegative atom in another molecule
