minerals module 2 week 2 Flashcards
minerals made out of only one element
native elements
more than one element chemically combined
compound
a geometric solid with flat faces
crystal
a structure made of crystals
crystalline structure
An arrangement of atoms that repeats in a pattern
crystalline lattice
The most abundant element in the earth’s crust
oxygen (46.6%)
2nd most abundant element in the earth’s crust
silicon (27.7%)
In order for the material to be considered a mineral it has to:
1 Be a solid
2 Be naturally occurring element or compound
3 Have a definite chemical composition where the elements have a particular proportion to each other
4 Have the atoms or ions in a particular pattern of arrangement (crystalline structure)
5 Be inorganic. This means, it cannot be made from plants, animals, or any other organisms, living or dead.
6 Have specific physical properties
How many elements are found in most minerals?
6
Computers have the mineral ______ in their motherboard
silica
Why is oil not a mineral?
because it is a liquid; because it is made of dead things
Some minerals are made out of ____________ element(s), called ___________ element(s).
one, native
Copper is generally used for _______________________.
electrical wiring
We brush our teeth using _____, an abrasive powder that scrubs our teeth. We take a shower, get out and maybe put __ ________ powder on us. We turn on the light switch that has wires made of __ _________.
calcium, talc, copper
What are the two most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust?
oxygen and silicon
all rocks are made of
minerals
Evaporated water can leave behind the mineral _________.
halite
a _________ is not a characteristic of minerals
random arrangement of atoms
cleavage
how a mineral splits along a plane
The mineral galena breaks into tiny cubes. Why does this occur?
Its internal arrangement of atoms causes it to form a cube
Which mineral has a streak that is different from the visible color?
pyrite
Which property is the most useful for identifying a mineral (one that is unlikely to change between specimens or types of minerals)?
streak test
Density is calculated by the _______________ of the mineral.
mass & volume
Which mineral reacts to the acid test?
calcite
What has a metallic luster and is 2.5 to 3 on the Mohs hardness scale?
galena
Which formulas are correct? (You may have to rearrange the formula - select all that apply)
M = D x V V = M/D D = M/V
Hardness 7 on the Moh’s scale of hardness (quartz) _______________________.
can be scratched with a drill bit
cannot be scratched with a penny easily
cannot be scratched with a steel knife easily
Using the Mohs hardness scale, give the hardness of the mineral that can only be scratched by a steel nail.
6
Which is an example of an extrusive igneous rock?
scoria
Where do plutonic rocks form?
in the earth below the ground
Andesitic magma ____________________________. (
forms at subduction boundaries
The silica content of igneous rock ___________________________.
increases as the sample of rock gets lighter in color
Very small crystals in an igneous rock shows that it was formed ________________________.
in a very short period of time
The amount of magnesium and iron ____________________________.
increases in mafic rocks