Vocabulary Test Friday October 6, 2017 Flashcards
Broad-based reform movement, 1900–1917, that sought governmental action in solving problems in many areas of American life, including education, public health, the economy, the environment, labor, transportation, and politics.
PROGRESSIVISM
Writing that exposed corruption and abuses in politics, business, meatpacking, child labor, and more, primarily in the first decade of the twentieth century; included popular books and magazine articles that spurred public interest in reform.
MUCKRAKING
Reception center in New York Harbor through which most European immigrants to America were processed from 1892 to 1954.
ELLIS ISLAND
Early twentieth-century term describing the economic system pioneered by Ford Motor Company based on high wages and mass consumption.
FORDISM
The Progressive-era idea that American workers were entitled to a wage high enough to allow them full participation in the nation’s mass consumption economy.
“AMERICAN STANDARD OF LIVING”
Management campaign to improve worker efficiency using measurements like “time and motion” studies to achieve greater productivity; introduced by Frederick Winslow Taylor in 1911.
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
Political party demanding public ownership of major economic enterprises in the United States as well as reforms like recognition of labor unions and women’s suffrage; reached peak of influence in 1912 when presidential candidate Eugene V. Debs received over 900,000 votes.
SOCIALIST PARTY
Radical union organized in Chicago in 1905 and nicknamed the Wobblies; its opposition to World War I led to its destruction by the federal government under the Espionage Act.
INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD
The process of negotiations between an employer and a group of employees to regulate working conditions.
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
A new aspect of the women’s rights movement that arose in the early part of the twentieth century. New feminism added a focus on individual and sexual freedom to the movement, and introduced the word “feminism” into American life.
NEW FEMINISM
An offshoot of the early twentieth-century feminist movement that saw access to birth control and “voluntary motherhood” as essential to women’s freedom. The birth-control movement was led by Margaret Sanger.
BIRTH CONTROL MOVEMENT
Organization founded in 1911 that brought together Native American intellectuals of many tribal backgrounds to promote discussion of the plight of Indian peoples.
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN INDIANS
Progressive reform passed in 1913 that required U.S. senators to be elected directly by voters; previously, senators were chosen by state legislatures.
SEVENTEENTH AMENDMENT
Late-nineteenth-century movement to offer a broad array of social services in urban immigrant neighborhoods; Chicago’s Hull House was one of hundreds of settlement houses that operated by the early twentieth century.
SETTLEMENT HOUSE
Progressive-era reforms that sought to encourage women’s child-bearing and -rearing abilities and to promote their economic independence.
MATERNALIST REFORMS
1908 Supreme Court decision that held that state interest in protecting women could override liberty of contract. Louis D. Brandeis, with help from his sister-in-law Josephine Goldmark of the National Consumers League, filed a brief in Muller that used statistics about women’s health to argue for their protection.
MULLER V. OREGON
Passed in 1906, the first law to regulate manufacturing of food and medicines; prohibited dangerous additives and inaccurate labeling.
PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT
A progressive reform movement focused on the preservation and sustainable management of the nation’s natural resources.
CONSERVATION MOVEMENT
Constitutional amendment passed in 1913 that legalized the federal income tax.
SIXTEENTH AMENDMENT
Political party created when former president Theodore Roosevelt broke away from the Republican Party to run for president again in 1912; the party supported progressive reforms similar to those of the Democrats but stopped short of seeking to eliminate trusts. Also the name of the party backing Robert La Follette for president in 1924.
PROGRESSIVE PARTY
Democrat Woodrow Wilson’s political slogan in the presidential campaign of 1912; Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs, and, by breaking up monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete.
NEW FREEDOM
Platform of the Progressive Party and slogan of former president Theodore Roosevelt in the presidential campaign of 1912; stressed government activism, including regulation of trusts, conservation, and recall of state court decisions that had nullified progressive programs.
NEW NATIONALISM
Independent agency created by the Wilson administration that replaced the Bureau of Corporations as an even more powerful tool to combat unfair trade practices and monopolies.
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION (FTC)
