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Depression History > Vocabulary (Term & Def) > Flashcards

Vocabulary (Term & Def) Flashcards

prog = program|proj = project|age = agency|N.D. = new deal|G.D. = great depression

1
Q

Bull Market

A

A long period of rising stock prices

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2
Q

Purchase on Margin

A

Buying stock by paying a small amt upfront and borrowing the rest

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2
Q

Margin Call

A

Broker demand: investors deposit more money to cover potential losses in margin accounts

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3
Q

Black Tuesday

A

October 29, 1929, the stock market crashed, leading to the G.D.

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4
Q

Bank Run

A

A large number of bank customers simultaneously withdraw deposits

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5
Q

Breadline

A

A line of people waiting to receive free food

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6
Q

Soup Kitchen

A

A place where free food and meals are given to poor people

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7
Q

Shantytowns
Hoovervilles

A

Homeless people put up shacks on unused or public lands

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8
Q

Hoboes

A

A homeless and usually penniless wanderer

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9
Q

Dust Bowl

A

Severe drought and dust storms in central U.S. -by poor farming practices

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10
Q

Okies

A

Farmers from Oklahoma and the dust bowl who headed west for work

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11
Q

Herbert Hoover and his programs

A

31st President -minimal government intervention -public works / relief efforts

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12
Q

Public Works

A

Government-funded construction projects -for jobs

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13
Q

Bonus Army

A

1932 -WWI veterans marched on Washington, D.C. -demand early bonus payments promised by gov

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14
Q

Hunger Marches

A

Protests by unemployed workers / families demand food and jobs

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15
Q

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)

A

32nd President -N.D. to give relief, recovery, and reform

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16
Q

Eleanor Roosevelt

A

FDR wife -civil rights and social welfare - New Deal programs

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17
Q

How did the Great Depression affect American families

A

-lost homes / jobs -money trouble with limited government aid

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18
Q

Fireside Chats

A

Radio broadcasts by FDR -reassure people -explain his policies

19
Q

New Deal

A

progs / reforms by FDR to give relief, recovery, and reform

20
Q

Bank Holiday

A

Temporary closing of banks to prevent further panic withdrawals

21
Q

Hundred Days

A

FDR’s first 100 days, -N.D. progs to fight G.D.

22
Q

Farm Credit Administration (FCA)

A

N.D. age -farmers renew loans / avoid foreclosure

23
Q

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

A

N.D. prog -pay to raise prices of crops -stabilize the agricultural market

24
Q

Emergency Banking Relief Act

A

1933 -money to reopen banks under strict conditions

25
Q

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A

N.D. proj -employed men to work on environmental conservation projs

26
Q

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

A

N.D. age -regulate industry -promote fair wages / working conditions

27
Q

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

A

N.D. age -public works projs -millions of jobs

28
Q

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

A

N.D. prog -flood control, electricity, and economic development -Tennessee Valley

29
Q

Wagner Act

A

1935 -law guaranteed workers’ rights to collectively unionize / bargain

30
Q

Court Packing

A

FDR’s proposal to expand the Supreme Court to ensure N.D. laws would stay

31
Q

Second New Deal

A

2nd phase of FDR’s N.D. -social welfare / labor rights -Social Security Act

32
Q

Impact of Great Depression upon All Americans

A

-widespread unemployment / homelessness / broken families -fostered resilience / new gov progs

33
Q

How did the Great Depression affect the divorce rate

A

Initial decline -no money made it hard for people to afford separating -later rose due to stress

34
Q

Repatriation

A

Immigrants forced or voluntary return to their home countries as jobs decreased (More Mexican Americans)

35
Q

John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath

A

Novel by John Steinbeck -showed hardships of the Joad family during G.D. / Dust Bowl

36
Q

Movies and Radio

A

Gave an escape from life -major entertainment and propaganda

37
Q

FDIC

A

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation -insures bank deposits -protect depositors from bank failures

38
Q

SEC

A

Securities and Exchange Commission -gov age -regulate stock market / prevent fraud

39
Q

Glass-Steagall Act

A

1933 -law separated commercial / investment banking -made FDIC

40
Q

Mexican Repatriation

A

Mass deportation of Mexicans -gov wanted to reduce job comp

41
Q

How did photography impact the Great Depression

A

-photos show hardship -raise awareness -support for reforms

42
Q

Social Security

A

N.D. prog -financial assistance to retirees / unemployed / disabled

43
Q

Recession of 1937

A

Economic crash -by reduced gov spending / tightening credit

44
Q

Eleanor Roosevelt and the National Housing Act

A

-wanted affordable housing -improve living conditions for low-income families with act

Depression History (4 decks)

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