Vocabulary (Def & Term) Flashcards
prog = program|proj = project|age = agency|N.D. = new deal|G.D. = great depression
A long period of rising stock prices
Bull Market
Broker demand: investors deposit more money to cover potential losses in margin accounts
Margin Call
Buying stock by paying a small amt upfront and borrowing the rest
Purchase on Margin
October 29, 1929, the stock market crashed, leading to the G.D.
Black Tuesday
A large number of bank customers simultaneously withdraw deposits
Bank Run
A line of people waiting to receive free food
Breadline
A place where free food and meals are given to poor people
Soup Kitchen
Homeless people put up shacks on unused or public lands
Shantytowns
Hoovervilles
A homeless and usually penniless wanderer
Hoboes
Severe drought and dust storms in central U.S. -by poor farming practices
Dust Bowl
Farmers from Oklahoma and the dust bowl who headed west for work
Okies
31st President -minimal government intervention -public works / relief efforts
Herbert Hoover and his programs
Government-funded construction projects -for jobs
Public Works
1932 -WWI veterans marched on Washington, D.C. -demand early bonus payments promised by gov
Bonus Army
Protests by unemployed workers / families demand food and jobs
Hunger Marches
32nd President -N.D. to give relief, recovery, and reform
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)
FDR wife -civil rights and social welfare - New Deal programs
Eleanor Roosevelt
-lost homes / jobs -money trouble with limited government aid
how the Great Depression affected American families
Radio broadcasts by FDR -reassure people -explain his policies
Fireside Chats
progs / reforms by FDR to give relief, recovery, and reform
New Deal
Temporary closing of banks to prevent further panic withdrawals
Bank Holiday
FDR’s first 100 days, -N.D. progs to fight G.D.
Hundred Days
N.D. age -farmers renew loans / avoid foreclosure
Farm Credit Administration (FCA)
N.D. prog -pay to raise prices of crops -stabilize the agricultural market
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
1933 -money to reopen banks under strict conditions
Emergency Banking Relief Act
N.D. proj -employed men to work on environmental conservation projs
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
N.D. age -regulate industry -promote fair wages / working conditions
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
N.D. age -public works projs -millions of jobs
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
N.D. prog -flood control, electricity, and economic development -Tennessee Valley
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
1935 -law guaranteed workers’ rights to collectively unionize / bargain
Wagner Act
FDR’s proposal to expand the Supreme Court to ensure N.D. laws would stay
Court Packing
2nd phase of FDR’s N.D. -social welfare / labor rights -Social Security Act
Second New Deal
-widespread unemployment / homelessness / broken families -fostered resilience / new gov progs
Impact of Great Depression upon All Americans
Initial decline -no money made it hard for people to afford separating -later rose due to stress
How did the Great Depression affect the divorce rate
Immigrants forced or voluntary return to their home countries as jobs decreased (More Mexican Americans)
Repatriation
Novel by John Steinbeck -showed hardships of the Joad family during G.D. / Dust Bowl
John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath
Gave an escape from life -major entertainment and propaganda
Movies and Radio
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation -insures bank deposits -protect depositors from bank failures
FDIC
Securities and Exchange Commission -gov age -regulate stock market / prevent fraud
SEC
1933 -law separated commercial / investment banking -made FDIC
Glass-Steagall Act
Mass deportation of Mexicans -gov wanted to reduce job comp
Mexican Repatriation
-photos show hardship -raise awareness -support for reforms
How photography impacted the Great Depression
N.D. prog -financial assistance to retirees / unemployed / disabled
Social Security
Economic crash -by reduced gov spending / tightening credit
Recession of 1937
-wanted affordable housing -improve living conditions for low-income families with act
Eleanor Roosevelt and the National Housing Act