Vocabulary list 4

Question 1

Allocate

Answer 1

to officially give something to someone, or to decide that something can be used for a specific purpose
Ex:
- We allocate each student a personal tutor.
- The committee allocates funds to universities.
- We’re not saying that these sites should be allocated for development.

Question 2

Allocation

Answer 2

an amount or share of something that is given to someone or used for a particular purpose.

Question 3

Assert

Answer 3

To state firmly that something is true.
- He has continued to assert his innocence.
To claim that you have the right to do something or behave in a particular way.
- It’s hard for shy people to assert themselves in a group.
- He quickly asserted his authority as a leader.

Question 4

Assertion

Answer 4

a statement that you strongly believe is true
Ex:
- I certainly don’t agree with his assertion that men are better drivers than women.

Question 5

Assertive(ly)

Answer 5

behaving in a confident way in which you are quick to express your opinions and feelings
Ex:
- You need to be more assertive to succeed in business.

Question 6

Contrasting

Answer 6

different from each other in a noticeable or interesting way
Ex:
- Contrasting opinions/ styles/ colours

Question 7

Contrast (v)

Answer 7

1. if one thing contrasts with another, the two things are different from each other, often in a noticeable or interesting way
   Ex:
   - Her dark hair contrasted sharply with her neon green shirt.
2. to compare two things in order to show how they are different
   - When you contrast their work records, Julie is clearly more qualified.

Question 8

Contrast (n)

Answer 8

a noticeable difference between people or things

Question 9

Contrastive

Answer 9

showing differences clearly, especially between languages

Question 10

Denial

Answer 10

a statement that something is not true or did not happen

• The company has issued a strong denial of responsibility for the mistake.
• I think she’s still in denial about his death.

Question 11

Deniable

Answer 11

if something is deniable, you can prove that it is not true

- The facts are simply not deniable.

Question 12

rise to the challenge

Answer 12

to deal successfully with a difficult situation or problem

- She was asked to run the family business at the age of twenty and she rose to the challenge.

Question 13

Challenge(n)

Answer 13

an action or idea that questions whether something is true, accurate, or legal
- Recent discoveries pose a serious challenge to accepted views on the age of the universe.

Question 14

Devise(v)

Answer 14

to invent a method of doing something

• He’s good at devising language games that you can play with students in class.
• The cartoon characters Snoopy and Charlie Brown were devised by Charles M. Schultz.

Question 15

hold discussions

Answer 15

organize or have formal discussions

- Parents and teachers will be holding discussions next month.

Question 16

emphasize

Answer 16

to show that something is very important or worth giving attention to:

• She emphasizes that her novels are not written for children.
• Naomi’s short hair emphasized her cheekbones.

Question 17

emphasis(n)

Answer 17

the particular importance or attention that is given to something:

• The main emphasis should be on quality rather than quantity.
• I think we should put as much emphasis on preventing disease as we do on curing it.
• The emphasis is usually on the first syllable.

Question 18

emphatic (adj)

Answer 18

said or shown in a very strong clear way

• He refused my offer with an emphatic shake of the head.
• an emphatic win/victory/defeat (clear result)

Question 19

emphatically (adv)

Answer 19

very firmly and clearly

• Johnson has emphatically denied the allegations against him.
• “The violence must stop, and it will stop,” he said emphatically.

Question 20

endurance (n)

Answer 20

the ability to keep doing something difficult, unpleasant, or painful for a long time::

• Running a marathon is a test of human endurance.
• The pain was bad beyond endurance.

Question 21

endure(v)

Answer 21

to suffer something difficult, unpleasant, or painful:

• We had to endure a nine-hour delay at the airport.
• She’s already had to endure three painful operations on her leg.

Question 22

endurable (adj)

Answer 22

the fact that something difficult, unpleasant, or painful is possible to deal with :
- The workload was barely endurable, but the experience was priceless.

Question 23

enduring (adj)

Answer 23

lasting for a long time

- his enduring popularity

Question 24

expense (n)

Answer 24

the use of money:
- people struggling to meet their basic living expenses

Money that you spend when you are doing your job, that your employer will pay back to you::
- Don’t worry about the cost of lunch - it’s on expenses.

Question 25

go to the expense of doing something

Answer 25

spend money on doing something

- We didn’t want to go to the expense of installing something we’ll never use

Question 26

go to great/considerable etc expense

Answer 26

spend a lot of money:

- His parents went to great trouble and expense to make sure the party was a success.

Question 27

put someone to the expense of doing something

Answer 27

make someone spend money on doing something:

- That little mistake put us to the expense of reprinting the whole book.

Question 28

expend

Answer 28

to use time, energy, money etc doing something

- We’ve already expended too much energy on this project.

Question 29

perceptive

Answer 29

able to notice or understand things quickly and easily

• Children can be amazingly perceptive about adults’ moods.
• a balanced and perceptive report (= intelligent and shows good judgment)

Question 30

perception

Answer 30

a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem:

• These photographs will affect people’s perceptions of war.
• the public’s perception of him is slowly changing.
• Drugs can alter your perception of reality.

Question 31

perceive

Answer 31

to understand or think about something in a particular way
- Computers were often perceived as a threat.
- Politicians who are generally perceived to be corrupt
-

Question 32

perceptively

Answer 32

in a way that shows the ability to notice and understand things that many people do not notice

• He has spoken perceptively on many subjects.
• The film deals perceptively with difficult subjects.

Question 33

restrain

Answer 33

to control the actions or behaviour of someone by force, especially in order to stop them from doing something, or to limit the growth or force of something:

• When he started fighting, it took four police officers to restrain him.
• She was so angry that she could hardly restrain herself.
• You should try to restrain your ambitions and be more realistic.
• Growth in car ownership could be restrained by increasing taxes.

Question 34

restraint

Answer 34

calm and controlled behavior:

• He showed admirable restraint and refused to be provoked.
• The security forces exercised (= used) great restraint by not responding to hostile attacks and threats.
• We need to exercise restraint on spending.

Question 35

value(v)

Answer 35

to consider someone or something to be important

• a community in which people respected their elders and valued their knowledge and experience
• a valued friend/colleague
• vitamins and minerals that are valued for their protective and energy-giving qualities

to state how much something is worth
- The seized cocaine was valued at £500,000.