List 6 Flashcards
adjust (make changes)
to change something slightly to make it better
- If the chair is too high you can adjust it to suit you.
- As a teacher you have to adjust your methods to suit the needs of slower children.
adjust (become familiar)
to become more familiar with a new situation:
- I can’t adjust to living on my own.
- Her eyes slowly adjusted to the dark.
- The lifestyle is so very different - it takes a while to adjust.
adjustment (change)
a small change:
- She made a few minor adjustments to the focus of her camera.
adjustment (becoming familiar)
the ability to become more familiar with a new situation:
- He has so far failed to make the adjustment from school to work.
adjustable
able to be changed to suit particular needs:
- The height of the steering wheel is adjustable.
Is the strap on this helmet adjustable?
aggressive (angry)
aggressively
behaving in an angry and violent way towards another person:
- The stereotype is that men tend to be more aggressive than women.
- If I criticize him, he gets aggressive and starts shouting.
in an angry and violent way:
- Small children often behave aggressively.
- Many drivers behave aggressively on the road at some point.
aggressive (determined)
aggresively
determined to win or succeed and using forceful action to win or to achieve success:
- an aggressive election campaign
- aggressive marketing tactics
- Both players won their first-round matches in aggressive style.
- They played more aggressively in the second half.
- The company is aggressively pursuing new business opportunities.
aggression (angry feeling)
an angry feeling that makes you want to attack or defeat someone else
- Boys usually show/express/display their aggression: by hitting each other.
- So far they had shown no aggression towards him.
aggression (war)
a situation in which one country attacks another
- We shall unite to defend ourselves against aggression.
- The statement condemned the country’s brutal aggression against its neighbour.
- an act of unprovoked aggression (=there was no reason for it)
a situation in which someone attacks another person
- Aggression against the supporters of rival teams is on the increase.
- Many of them had been victims of physical aggression.
aggressively (Medical)
in a way that develops very quickly:
- His prostate cancer had grown aggressively beyond the prostate and surrounding tissue.
- In recent years, the disease has aggressively attacked her voice and memory.
in a way that uses a very strong treatment in order to cure the disease:
- We may have to treat the seizures aggressively to prevent developmental delays.
- For how long and how aggressively should treatment be applied?
appropriate
suitable or right for a particular situation or purpose
- This isn’t the appropriate time to discuss the problem.
- The manager should take appropriate action if safety standards are not being met.
- We need to ensure the teaching they receive is appropriate to/for their needs.
appropriate (v)
to decide officially that money will be used for a particular purpose
- The legislature appropriated funds for technology in the schools.
to take something for your own use, usually without permission:
- He lost his job when he was found to have appropriated some of the company’s money.
(=liberate but it’s more lower )
detention
the state of being kept in a police station or prison and not being allowed to leave
- detention without trial
a form of punishment in which children are made to stay at school for a short time after classes have ended:
- She’s had four detentions this term.
detain
to keep someone in a police station or prison and not allow them to leave
- A 29-year-old man was detained for questioning.
to keep someone in the hospital because they are too ill to leave
- Nine people were treated in hospital and one was detained overnight.
to delay someone for a short length of time:
- I’m sorry I’m late - I was unavoidably detained.
exaggerate
to make something seem larger, more important, better, or worse than it really is:
- Don’t exaggerate - it wasn’t that expensive.
- I’m not exaggerating - it was the worst meal I’ve ever eaten in my life.
exaggeration
the fact of making something seem larger, more important, better, or worse than it really is:
- Sal estimates over 60 people were there but I think that’s a slight exaggeration.
- It would be no exaggeration to say that her work has saved lives.
exaggerated
seeming larger, more important, better, or worse than it really is:
- exaggerated reports of the problem
- The slimming effect of wearing black has been greatly exaggerated.
- He was laughing in an exaggeratedly animated way.
- She yawned exaggeratedly.
hazard
something that could be dangerous or could cause damage or accidents
- One of the most widespread natural hazards is flooding.
- hazard of: We know the hazards of modern warfare.
- hazard to: Broken glass is a hazard to bare feet.
fire/radiation/traffic hazard: There must be protection from radiation hazards.
- health hazard: Pollution is a major health hazard.
hazard (v)
to risk doing something, especially making a guess, suggestion, etc.:
- I wouldn’t like to hazard a guess.
to risk doing something that might cause harm to someone or something else:
- The policy hazarded the islands and put the lives of the inhabitants at risk.
hazardous
dangerous, especially to people’s health or safety
- hazardous driving conditions
- hazardous to These chemicals are hazardous to human health.
immune(adj)
not influenced or affected by something
- immune from/to: Few women were immune to his charm.
- The press had criticized her so often that in the end she had become immune (to it).
immune system
immunity
a situation in which you are protected against disease or from legal action:
- The vaccination gives you immunity against the disease for up to six months.
- He was granted immunity from prosecution because he confessed the names of the other spies.
immunize
to protect someone against a particular disease or infection by introducing special substances into the body, esp. by injection:
- All children should be immunized against childhood illnesses.
immunization
the process of protecting a person or animal from infectious disease by putting a substance into the body that makes it produce antibodies (= proteins in the blood that fight disease):
- mass/routine immunization
- Immunization gives people the ability to resist infection temporarily or permanently.
- With the use of immunizations in babies, the mortality rate has dropped significantly.
inevitable
unavoidable
- War now seems almost inevitable.
- inevitable consequence/result: Confusion is the inevitable consequence of all these changes in policy.
- it is inevitable that: It is perhaps inevitable that advanced technology will increase the pressure on employees.
inevita’bility
the fact that something is certain to happen
- the inevitability of growing old
in’evitably
in a way that cannot be avoided:
- Their arguments inevitably end in tears.
‘irritable
becoming annoyed very easily:
Be careful what you say - he’s rather irritable today.
“Don’t disturb me again,” she said in an irritable (= angry) voice.
irritation
the feeling of being angry or annoyed, or something that makes you feel like this:
- That kind of behaviour is sure to cause irritation.
- Traffic noise is just one of several minor irritations (= small problems).
a painful feeling in a part of the body, often with red skin or swelling
- drugs that can cause stomach irritation
irritate
to make someone angry or annoyed:
- After a while her behaviour really began to irritate me.
to make a part of your body sore or painful:
- At first my contact lenses irritated my eyes.
irritably
in a way that shows that you become annoyed very easily:
- “Let her read,” someone said irritably.
- She sighed, and tapped her fingers irritably on the table.
liberate
FREE/STEAL
to help someone or something to be free:
- They said they sent troops in to liberate the people/the country from a dictator.
to steal something:
- She liberated those spoons from a restaurant last week.
liberation
an occasion when something or someone is released or made free:
- the liberation of France from Nazi occupation
- Leaving school was such a liberation for me.
manage
succeed in doing something
- I don’t think I can manage a long walk today.
- I managed to escape by diving into the river.
organize and control
- He manages the family business.
- Smith says he wants to manage the football team next year.
- a well-managed restaurant
be able to provide something
- We can only manage £100 a week for rent.
- manage to do something: I could manage to do another couple of hours next week if that’s any help.
be available for something
- Can you manage 5 o’clock next Monday?
live on limited money
- I don’t know how he manages on what he earns.
management
the control and organization of something:
- The company has suffered from several years of bad management.
- There is a need for stricter financial management.
- a management training programme
the group of people responsible for controlling and organizing a company:
- Management has/have offered staff a three percent pay increase.
manageable
easy or possible to deal with:
- The work has been divided into smaller, more manageable sections.
- The targets for increased productivity are described as “tough but manageable”.
modify
to change something slightly, especially in order to improve it or to make it less extreme
- Instead of simply punishing them, the system encourages offenders to modify their behaviour.
modification
a small change to something, especially to a machine, system, or plan
- The new proposals need some modification.
- A minor modification to the aircraft’s door has been made.
- Modification of the engine to run on lead-free fuel is fairly simple.
monitor (v)
to regularly check something or watch someone in order to find out what is happening
- a special machine to monitor the baby’s breathing
- He will monitor and review company policy.
- Staff will monitor his progress.
- The board are monitoring the situation on a regular basis.
monitor (n)
someone who checks to see that something is done fairly or correctly
- Monitors ensured that the food was distributed fairly.
a computer screen, or the part of a computer that contains the screen
- a 17-inch colour monitor
perplexing
confusing, often because you do not know how to solve something:
They find the company’s attitude perplexing and unreasonable.
The rise in childhood mental illness is perplexing.
perplex
to confuse and worry someone slightly by being difficult to understand or solve:
- The disease has continued to perplex doctors.
reconcile
to find a way in which two situations or beliefs that are opposed to each other can agree and exist together:
- How can you reconcile your fur coat and/with your love of animals?
if you reconcile two people or groups, or if they reconcile, they become friendly again after a disagreement
- The couple has been making every effort to reconcile.
- reconcile someone with someone: It was his father’s wish that he become reconciled with his family.
To reconcile yourself to a situation is to accept it even if it is unpleasant or painful, because it cannot be changed:
- He has reconciled himself to the loss of the election and is moving on.
reconciliation
a new and friendly relationship with someone who you argued with or fought with
- The couple have separated and a reconciliation is unlikely.
- Peace can only be achieved through reconciliation.
a way of making it possible for ideas, beliefs, needs etc that are opposed to each other to exist together
- How can we achieve a reconciliation between theory and practice?
revision
a change that is made to something, or the process of doing this:
- He intends to undertake a major revision of the constitution.
- subject to revision (=likely to be changed): The article, of course, is subject to revision by the editors. (variable)
revise
to look at or consider again an idea, piece of writing, etc. in order to correct or improve it:
- His helpfulness today has made me revise my original opinion/impression of him.
- His publishers made him revise his manuscript three times.
valid
based on truth or reason; able to be accepted:
- a valid argument/criticism/reason
- My way of thinking might be different from yours, but it’s equally valid.
validate
to make something officially acceptable or approved, especially after examining it:
- The data is validated automatically by the computer after it has been entered.
- It is a one-year course validated by London’s City University.
to officially prove that something is true or correct
- The evidence does seem to validate his claim.
validation
the act or process of making something officially or legally acceptable or approved:
- Parking is free with validation of your ticket by one of the outlets in the mall.
- The system enables electronic validation of an applicant’s identity and certificates.
[ C or U ]
proof that something is correct:
- He saw this result as validation of his theory.
- The court’s ruling is a validation of the new funding plan.
