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EAP 4 > List 6 > Flashcards

List 6 Flashcards

1
Q

adjust (make changes)

A

to change something slightly to make it better

  • If the chair is too high you can adjust it to suit you.
  • As a teacher you have to adjust your methods to suit the needs of slower children.
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2
Q

adjust (become familiar)

A

to become more familiar with a new situation:

  • I can’t adjust to living on my own.
  • Her eyes slowly adjusted to the dark.
  • The lifestyle is so very different - it takes a while to adjust.
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3
Q

adjustment (change)

A

a small change:

- She made a few minor adjustments to the focus of her camera.

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4
Q

adjustment (becoming familiar)

A

the ability to become more familiar with a new situation:

- He has so far failed to make the adjustment from school to work.

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5
Q

adjustable

A

able to be changed to suit particular needs:
- The height of the steering wheel is adjustable.
Is the strap on this helmet adjustable?

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6
Q

aggressive (angry)

aggressively

A

behaving in an angry and violent way towards another person:

  • The stereotype is that men tend to be more aggressive than women.
  • If I criticize him, he gets aggressive and starts shouting.

in an angry and violent way:

  • Small children often behave aggressively.
  • Many drivers behave aggressively on the road at some point.
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7
Q

aggressive (determined)

aggresively

A

determined to win or succeed and using forceful action to win or to achieve success:

  • an aggressive election campaign
  • aggressive marketing tactics
  • Both players won their first-round matches in aggressive style.
  • They played more aggressively in the second half.
  • The company is aggressively pursuing new business opportunities.
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8
Q

aggression (angry feeling)

A

an angry feeling that makes you want to attack or defeat someone else

  • Boys usually show/express/display their aggression: by hitting each other.
  • So far they had shown no aggression towards him.
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9
Q

aggression (war)

A

a situation in which one country attacks another

  • We shall unite to defend ourselves against aggression.
  • The statement condemned the country’s brutal aggression against its neighbour.
  • an act of unprovoked aggression (=there was no reason for it)

a situation in which someone attacks another person

  • Aggression against the supporters of rival teams is on the increase.
  • Many of them had been victims of physical aggression.
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10
Q

aggressively (Medical)

A

in a way that develops very quickly:

  • His prostate cancer had grown aggressively beyond the prostate and surrounding tissue.
  • In recent years, the disease has aggressively attacked her voice and memory.

in a way that uses a very strong treatment in order to cure the disease:

  • We may have to treat the seizures aggressively to prevent developmental delays.
  • For how long and how aggressively should treatment be applied?
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11
Q

appropriate

A

suitable or right for a particular situation or purpose

  • This isn’t the appropriate time to discuss the problem.
  • The manager should take appropriate action if safety standards are not being met.
  • We need to ensure the teaching they receive is appropriate to/for their needs.
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12
Q

appropriate (v)

A

to decide officially that money will be used for a particular purpose
- The legislature appropriated funds for technology in the schools.

to take something for your own use, usually without permission:
- He lost his job when he was found to have appropriated some of the company’s money.
(=liberate but it’s more lower )

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13
Q

detention

A

the state of being kept in a police station or prison and not being allowed to leave
- detention without trial

a form of punishment in which children are made to stay at school for a short time after classes have ended:
- She’s had four detentions this term.

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14
Q

detain

A

to keep someone in a police station or prison and not allow them to leave
- A 29-year-old man was detained for questioning.

to keep someone in the hospital because they are too ill to leave
- Nine people were treated in hospital and one was detained overnight.

to delay someone for a short length of time:
- I’m sorry I’m late - I was unavoidably detained.

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15
Q

exaggerate

A

to make something seem larger, more important, better, or worse than it really is:

  • Don’t exaggerate - it wasn’t that expensive.
  • I’m not exaggerating - it was the worst meal I’ve ever eaten in my life.
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16
Q

exaggeration

A

the fact of making something seem larger, more important, better, or worse than it really is:

  • Sal estimates over 60 people were there but I think that’s a slight exaggeration.
  • It would be no exaggeration to say that her work has saved lives.
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17
Q

exaggerated

A

seeming larger, more important, better, or worse than it really is:

  • exaggerated reports of the problem
  • The slimming effect of wearing black has been greatly exaggerated.
  • He was laughing in an exaggeratedly animated way.
  • She yawned exaggeratedly.
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18
Q

hazard

A

something that could be dangerous or could cause damage or accidents
- One of the most widespread natural hazards is flooding.
- hazard of: We know the hazards of modern warfare.
- hazard to: Broken glass is a hazard to bare feet.
fire/radiation/traffic hazard: There must be protection from radiation hazards.
- health hazard: Pollution is a major health hazard.

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19
Q

hazard (v)

A

to risk doing something, especially making a guess, suggestion, etc.:
- I wouldn’t like to hazard a guess.

to risk doing something that might cause harm to someone or something else:
- The policy hazarded the islands and put the lives of the inhabitants at risk.

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20
Q

hazardous

A

dangerous, especially to people’s health or safety

  • hazardous driving conditions
  • hazardous to These chemicals are hazardous to human health.
21
Q

immune(adj)

A

not influenced or affected by something

  • immune from/to: Few women were immune to his charm.
  • The press had criticized her so often that in the end she had become immune (to it).

immune system

22
Q

immunity

A

a situation in which you are protected against disease or from legal action:

  • The vaccination gives you immunity against the disease for up to six months.
  • He was granted immunity from prosecution because he confessed the names of the other spies.
23
Q

immunize

A

to protect someone against a particular disease or infection by introducing special substances into the body, esp. by injection:
- All children should be immunized against childhood illnesses.

24
Q

immunization

A

the process of protecting a person or animal from infectious disease by putting a substance into the body that makes it produce antibodies (= proteins in the blood that fight disease):

  • mass/routine immunization
  • Immunization gives people the ability to resist infection temporarily or permanently.
  • With the use of immunizations in babies, the mortality rate has dropped significantly.
25
Q

inevitable

A

unavoidable

  • War now seems almost inevitable.
  • inevitable consequence/result: Confusion is the inevitable consequence of all these changes in policy.
  • it is inevitable that: It is perhaps inevitable that advanced technology will increase the pressure on employees.
26
Q

inevita’bility

A

the fact that something is certain to happen

- the inevitability of growing old

27
Q

in’evitably

A

in a way that cannot be avoided:

- Their arguments inevitably end in tears.

28
Q

‘irritable

A

becoming annoyed very easily:
Be careful what you say - he’s rather irritable today.
“Don’t disturb me again,” she said in an irritable (= angry) voice.

29
Q

irritation

A

the feeling of being angry or annoyed, or something that makes you feel like this:

  • That kind of behaviour is sure to cause irritation.
  • Traffic noise is just one of several minor irritations (= small problems).

a painful feeling in a part of the body, often with red skin or swelling
- drugs that can cause stomach irritation

30
Q

irritate

A

to make someone angry or annoyed:
- After a while her behaviour really began to irritate me.

to make a part of your body sore or painful:
- At first my contact lenses irritated my eyes.

31
Q

irritably

A

in a way that shows that you become annoyed very easily:

  • “Let her read,” someone said irritably.
  • She sighed, and tapped her fingers irritably on the table.
32
Q

liberate

FREE/STEAL

A

to help someone or something to be free:
- They said they sent troops in to liberate the people/the country from a dictator.

to steal something:
- She liberated those spoons from a restaurant last week.

33
Q

liberation

A

an occasion when something or someone is released or made free:

  • the liberation of France from Nazi occupation
  • Leaving school was such a liberation for me.
34
Q

manage

A

succeed in doing something

  • I don’t think I can manage a long walk today.
  • I managed to escape by diving into the river.

organize and control

  • He manages the family business.
  • Smith says he wants to manage the football team next year.
  • a well-managed restaurant

be able to provide something

  • We can only manage £100 a week for rent.
  • manage to do something: I could manage to do another couple of hours next week if that’s any help.

be available for something
- Can you manage 5 o’clock next Monday?

live on limited money
- I don’t know how he manages on what he earns.

35
Q

management

A

the control and organization of something:

  • The company has suffered from several years of bad management.
  • There is a need for stricter financial management.
  • a management training programme

the group of people responsible for controlling and organizing a company:
- Management has/have offered staff a three percent pay increase.

36
Q

manageable

A

easy or possible to deal with:

  • The work has been divided into smaller, more manageable sections.
  • The targets for increased productivity are described as “tough but manageable”.
37
Q

modify

A

to change something slightly, especially in order to improve it or to make it less extreme
- Instead of simply punishing them, the system encourages offenders to modify their behaviour.

38
Q

modification

A

a small change to something, especially to a machine, system, or plan

  • The new proposals need some modification.
  • A minor modification to the aircraft’s door has been made.
  • Modification of the engine to run on lead-free fuel is fairly simple.
39
Q

monitor (v)

A

to regularly check something or watch someone in order to find out what is happening

  • a special machine to monitor the baby’s breathing
  • He will monitor and review company policy.
  • Staff will monitor his progress.
  • The board are monitoring the situation on a regular basis.
40
Q

monitor (n)

A

someone who checks to see that something is done fairly or correctly
- Monitors ensured that the food was distributed fairly.

a computer screen, or the part of a computer that contains the screen
- a 17-inch colour monitor

41
Q

perplexing

A

confusing, often because you do not know how to solve something:
They find the company’s attitude perplexing and unreasonable.
The rise in childhood mental illness is perplexing.

42
Q

perplex

A

to confuse and worry someone slightly by being difficult to understand or solve:
- The disease has continued to perplex doctors.

43
Q

reconcile

A

to find a way in which two situations or beliefs that are opposed to each other can agree and exist together:
- How can you reconcile your fur coat and/with your love of animals?

if you reconcile two people or groups, or if they reconcile, they become friendly again after a disagreement

  • The couple has been making every effort to reconcile.
  • reconcile someone with someone: It was his father’s wish that he become reconciled with his family.

To reconcile yourself to a situation is to accept it even if it is unpleasant or painful, because it cannot be changed:
- He has reconciled himself to the loss of the election and is moving on.

44
Q

reconciliation

A

a new and friendly relationship with someone who you argued with or fought with

  • The couple have separated and a reconciliation is unlikely.
  • Peace can only be achieved through reconciliation.

a way of making it possible for ideas, beliefs, needs etc that are opposed to each other to exist together
- How can we achieve a reconciliation between theory and practice?

45
Q

revision

A

a change that is made to something, or the process of doing this:

  • He intends to undertake a major revision of the constitution.
  • subject to revision (=likely to be changed): The article, of course, is subject to revision by the editors. (variable)
46
Q

revise

A

to look at or consider again an idea, piece of writing, etc. in order to correct or improve it:

  • His helpfulness today has made me revise my original opinion/impression of him.
  • His publishers made him revise his manuscript three times.
47
Q

valid

A

based on truth or reason; able to be accepted:

  • a valid argument/criticism/reason
  • My way of thinking might be different from yours, but it’s equally valid.
48
Q

validate

A

to make something officially acceptable or approved, especially after examining it:

  • The data is validated automatically by the computer after it has been entered.
  • It is a one-year course validated by London’s City University.

to officially prove that something is true or correct
- The evidence does seem to validate his claim.

49
Q

validation

A

the act or process of making something officially or legally acceptable or approved:

  • Parking is free with validation of your ticket by one of the outlets in the mall.
  • The system enables electronic validation of an applicant’s identity and certificates.

[ C or U ]
proof that something is correct:
- He saw this result as validation of his theory.
- The court’s ruling is a validation of the new funding plan.

EAP 4 (10 decks)

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