Vocabulary I Flashcards
argument ad agnorantiam
argument from ignorance
authority
an individual or group considered to have valid knowledge and/or legitimate power
coherence
connection by some common idea
common sense
that which seems sensible (rational, correct)
confirmation bias
the tendency to use, notice or search for only the evidence that supports an already existing belief
context
the sum total of meanings
certainty
the feeling of assurance
conventions
standard acceptance
culture
patterns of human activity
empiricism
the view that all ideas are abstractions formed by compounding (combining, recombining) what is experienced (observed, immediately given in sensation); experience is the sole source of all knowledge
evidence
proof
expert opinion
a witness, who by virtue of education, training, skill, or experience, is believed to have knowledge in a particular subject beyond that of the average person
figure and ground
black and white regions; Rubin design
gullibility
readily believing information
indoctrination
is the process of inculcating ideas, attitudes, cognitive strategies or a professional methodology
judgment
identifying, comparing, discriminating, and evaluating whereby values and/or knowledge are asserted or interpreted
justified true belief
also known as the The Gettier problem; considered a problem in modern epistemology or first-order logic
mental map
a person’s personal point-of-view perception of their own world
new media
section of the mass media that focuses on presenting current news to the public
open-mindedness
the ability or faculty of being able to bring beliefs into question and test them against new ideas that may very well contradict existing beliefs and judge them based on their merit
paradox of cartography
if a map is to be useful then it must by necessity be imperfect
phenomenalism
only phenomena (sense data) can be known as they appear to our consciousness
principle of sufficient reason
all things (objects, events, changes, causes) are (a) related to each other in a necessary relationship (by necessity)
radical doubt
complete skepticism
reasonable knowledge
knowledge that has been obtained through the use of reason
scientific realism
science is the only method for obtaining knowledge
visual agnosia
is the inability of the brain to make sense of or make use of some part of otherwise normal visual stimulus and is typified by the inability to recognize familiar objects or faces
eight ways of knowing
language, sense perception, reason, memory, imagination, intuition, faith, and emotion (SRIM LIFE)
first four ways of knowing
sense perception, language, emotion, reason (LERS)
