Fallacies

Question 1

ad hominem

Answer 1

Attacking/supporting the people rather than the argument

Question 2

argument ad ignorantiam

Answer 2

Claiming something is true because it cannot be proved to be false

Question 3

begging the question

Answer 3

arriving at a conclusion from statements that themselves are questionable and have to be proved but are assumed true

Question 4

belief/confirmation bias

Answer 4

a tendency to search for or interpret new information in a way that confirms one’s preconceptions and avoids information and interpretations which contradict prior beliefs

Question 5

circular reasoning

Answer 5

assuming the truth in what you are supposed to be proving

Question 6

equivocation

Answer 6

using language ambiguously

Question 7

false analogy

Answer 7

assuming that because two things are alike in some respects that they are alike in others

Question 8

hasty generalizations

Answer 8

generalizing from insufficient evidence

Question 9

loaded question

Answer 9

a question that is biased because it contains a built-in assumption

Question 10

post hoc ergo propter hoc

Answer 10

confusing a correlation with a causal connection

Question 11

premise

Answer 11

a statement that is in fact true or which is assumed to be true, employed (usually together with at least one other such statement) to argue toward a conclusion

Question 12

quantifier

Answer 12

(logic) a word (symbol, sign) that indicates all, some, or no

Question 13

false dilemma

Answer 13

assuming only two black and white alternatives exist

Question 14

special pleading

Answer 14

Using double standards to excuse an individual or group