Vocabulary For The Endocrine System

Question 0

Adrenal medulla gland

Answer 0

these glands secrete adrenaline( norepinephrine and epinephrine)

Question 1

Adrenal cortex Gland

Answer 1

these glands secrete aldesterone, cortisol, androgen hormones

Question 2

Endocrine Glands

Answer 2

produce and release their chemical products directly into the bloodstream, the blood then carries those chemicals throughout the body

Question 3

Exocrine

Answer 3

a gland that secretes outwardly through excretory ducts

Question 4

Hormone

Answer 4

“ to arouse” it is a chemical messenger(protein or lipid) that travels in the blood stream.

Question 5

Hypothalamus

Answer 5

tiny part of brain that controls the pituitary gland.

Question 6

Ovaries

Answer 6

release female sex hormones; estrogen and progesterone

Question 7

Negative feedback

Answer 7

a process by which a system is turned off by a condition it produces. Moves towards homeostasis.

Question 8

Pancreas

Answer 8

secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon.

Question 9

Parathyroid Glands

Answer 9

secrets parahormone

Question 10

Pituitary Gland

Answer 10

Master gland, controls other glands, secretes growth hormone(GH), prolactin ,follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) ,Luteinizing, Thyroid stimulation hormone(TSH), ACTH- adrenaocorticotropic hormone, (MSH) melanocyte stimulating hormone, oxytocin, ( ADH) antiduiuretic hormone

Question 11

Pineal gland

Answer 11

secretes serotonin by day and converts it to melatonin at night

Question 12

Positive feedback

Answer 12

process that moves away from homeostasis.

Question 13

Target Cells

Answer 13

cells that have receptors that recognize the hormone’s chemical structure

Question 14

Testes

Answer 14

release the sex hormone testosterone

Question 15

Thymus Gland

Answer 15

secretes thymosin

Question 16

Thyroid Glands

Answer 16

Secretes thyroxine T4 and triodothyoonine T3, Calcitonin

Question 17

Acromegaly

Answer 17

hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults. Large hands and face

Question 18

Addison’s disease

Answer 18

Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones resulting in bronze skin, decrease blood sugar, low blood pressure, muscular weakness and fatigue

Question 19

Cushing syndrome

Answer 19

hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones, results in high blood pressure, muscular weakness, obesity, “moon” face

Question 20

Cretinism

Answer 20

hyposecretion of thyroid hormones in infancy or childhood, results in lack of metal retardation) and physical growth.

Question 21

Gigantism

Answer 21

hypersecretion of growth hormone in children and teens, results in abnormally tall stature.

Question 22

Dwarfism

Answer 22

hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood. Short stature.

Question 23

Goiter

Answer 23

enlarged thyroid

Question 24

Hypothyroidism

Answer 24

not enough thyroid hormones, low metabolism, weight gain, slow heart rate, dry itchy skin, cold, depression

Question 25

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 25

high metabolism, weight loss, increased heart rate, hot and sweats a lot

Question 26

Diabetes Type I

Answer 26

to little insulin. Insulin dependent. Auto- immune disease( genetic)

Question 27

Diabetes Type II

Answer 27

insulin independent- receptors on cells or low amounts of insulin.( adult onset)

Question 28

ACTH (adrenalcorticotropic)

Answer 28

targets adrenal cortex—to secrete cortisol

Question 29

THS( Thyroid stimulating hormone)

Answer 29

targets thyroid to release its’ hormones

Question 30

LH( Luteinizing hormone)

Answer 30

targets ovaries- stimulates release progesterone | Targets testes- stimulates production of testosterone

Question 31

FSH( Follicle stimulating hormone)

Answer 31

targets ovaries—produce eggs and estrogen | Targets testes—produce sperm

Question 32

Prolactin

Answer 32

targets breast tissue- milk production

Question 33

Growth hormone(GH)

Answer 33

targets all cells—regulate growth- and gives cells more energy

Question 34

Oxytocin

Answer 34

targets uterus- contractions for childbirth | targets breast—milk flow

Question 35

ADH ( antidiuretic hormone)

Answer 35

targets kidneys decreases urine or promotes reabsorption of urine from kidneys

Question 36

MSH ( melanocyte stimulating hormone)

Answer 36

targets skin—produce tan or skin pigmentation.

Question 37

Thyroxin

Answer 37

targets all cells increases oxidation of carbohydrates increases metabolism (need iodine to form)

Question 38

Calcitonin

Answer 38

targets bones, intestine, kidneys—decrease blood calcium

Question 39

Parahormone

Answer 39

targets bones ( osteoclasts) increases blood calcium

Question 40

Aldesterone

Answer 40

targets kidneys—water and salt balance

Question 41

Cortisol

Answer 41

targets liver increase blood sugar and has anti inflammatory effect

Question 42

Androgens

Answer 42

targets reproductive organs and muscles—resembles testosterone

Question 43

Epinephrine/ norepinephrine

Answer 43

adrenaline—fight or flight response

Question 44

Glucagon

Answer 44

targets liver and muscle—increases blood sugar

Question 45

Insulin

Answer 45

all cells – decreases blood sugar

Question 46

Testosterone

Answer 46

targets reproductive organs, muscles, voice box, hair follicles—secondary sex characteristics

Question 47

Estrogen

Answer 47

targets uterus, hips, breast—secondary sex characteristics

Question 48

Progesterone

Answer 48

targets uterus—maintain pregnancy

Question 49

Thymosin

Answer 49

targets lymph glands increase immunity

Question 50

Melatonin

Answer 50

onset of puberty and sleep wake cylce