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Anatomy and Physiology > Vocabulary For The Endocrine System > Flashcards

Vocabulary For The Endocrine System Flashcards

0
Q

Adrenal medulla gland

A

these glands secrete adrenaline( norepinephrine and epinephrine)

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1
Q

Adrenal cortex Gland

A

these glands secrete aldesterone, cortisol, androgen hormones

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2
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

produce and release their chemical products directly into the bloodstream, the blood then carries those chemicals throughout the body

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3
Q

Exocrine

A

a gland that secretes outwardly through excretory ducts

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4
Q

Hormone

A

“ to arouse” it is a chemical messenger(protein or lipid) that travels in the blood stream.

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5
Q

Hypothalamus

A

tiny part of brain that controls the pituitary gland.

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6
Q

Ovaries

A

release female sex hormones; estrogen and progesterone

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7
Q

Negative feedback

A

a process by which a system is turned off by a condition it produces. Moves towards homeostasis.

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8
Q

Pancreas

A

secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon.

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9
Q

Parathyroid Glands

A

secrets parahormone

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10
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Master gland, controls other glands, secretes growth hormone(GH), prolactin ,follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) ,Luteinizing, Thyroid stimulation hormone(TSH), ACTH- adrenaocorticotropic hormone, (MSH) melanocyte stimulating hormone, oxytocin, ( ADH) antiduiuretic hormone

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11
Q

Pineal gland

A

secretes serotonin by day and converts it to melatonin at night

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12
Q

Positive feedback

A

process that moves away from homeostasis.

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13
Q

Target Cells

A

cells that have receptors that recognize the hormone’s chemical structure

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14
Q

Testes

A

release the sex hormone testosterone

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15
Q

Thymus Gland

A

secretes thymosin

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16
Q

Thyroid Glands

A

Secretes thyroxine T4 and triodothyoonine T3, Calcitonin

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17
Q

Acromegaly

A

hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults. Large hands and face

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18
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones resulting in bronze skin, decrease blood sugar, low blood pressure, muscular weakness and fatigue

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19
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones, results in high blood pressure, muscular weakness, obesity, “moon” face

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20
Q

Cretinism

A

hyposecretion of thyroid hormones in infancy or childhood, results in lack of metal retardation) and physical growth.

21
Q

Gigantism

A

hypersecretion of growth hormone in children and teens, results in abnormally tall stature.

22
Q

Dwarfism

A

hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood. Short stature.

23
Q

Goiter

A

enlarged thyroid

24
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

not enough thyroid hormones, low metabolism, weight gain, slow heart rate, dry itchy skin, cold, depression

25
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

high metabolism, weight loss, increased heart rate, hot and sweats a lot

26
Q

Diabetes Type I

A

to little insulin. Insulin dependent. Auto- immune disease( genetic)

27
Q

Diabetes Type II

A

insulin independent- receptors on cells or low amounts of insulin.( adult onset)

28
Q

ACTH (adrenalcorticotropic)

A

targets adrenal cortex—to secrete cortisol

29
Q

THS( Thyroid stimulating hormone)

A

targets thyroid to release its’ hormones

30
Q

LH( Luteinizing hormone)

A

targets ovaries- stimulates release progesterone

Targets testes- stimulates production of testosterone

31
Q

FSH( Follicle stimulating hormone)

A

targets ovaries—produce eggs and estrogen

Targets testes—produce sperm

32
Q

Prolactin

A

targets breast tissue- milk production

33
Q

Growth hormone(GH)

A

targets all cells—regulate growth- and gives cells more energy

34
Q

Oxytocin

A

targets uterus- contractions for childbirth

targets breast—milk flow

35
Q

ADH ( antidiuretic hormone)

A

targets kidneys decreases urine or promotes reabsorption of urine from kidneys

36
Q

MSH ( melanocyte stimulating hormone)

A

targets skin—produce tan or skin pigmentation.

37
Q

Thyroxin

A

targets all cells increases oxidation of carbohydrates increases metabolism (need iodine to form)

38
Q

Calcitonin

A

targets bones, intestine, kidneys—decrease blood calcium

39
Q

Parahormone

A

targets bones ( osteoclasts) increases blood calcium

40
Q

Aldesterone

A

targets kidneys—water and salt balance

41
Q

Cortisol

A

targets liver increase blood sugar and has anti inflammatory effect

42
Q

Androgens

A

targets reproductive organs and muscles—resembles testosterone

43
Q

Epinephrine/ norepinephrine

A

adrenaline—fight or flight response

44
Q

Glucagon

A

targets liver and muscle—increases blood sugar

45
Q

Insulin

A

all cells – decreases blood sugar

46
Q

Testosterone

A

targets reproductive organs, muscles, voice box, hair follicles—secondary sex characteristics

47
Q

Estrogen

A

targets uterus, hips, breast—secondary sex characteristics

48
Q

Progesterone

A

targets uterus—maintain pregnancy

49
Q

Thymosin

A

targets lymph glands increase immunity

50
Q

Melatonin

A

onset of puberty and sleep wake cylce

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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