Vocabulary For Nervous System

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

transmit electrical chemical impulses

Question 2

Neurotransmitters

Answer 2

chemicals released from axon that stimulate the next neuron or body cell

Question 3

Neuroglia

Answer 3

specialized cells of the NS that produce myelin
communicate between cells and nourishes neurons
clean up dead neurons/debris
hold neurons in place(nerve glue).

Question 4

Dendrites

Answer 4

extension of a neuron that receives input from other neurons and transmits impulse to cell body.

Question 5

Axon

Answer 5

extension of a neuron that transmits impulse away from cell body

Question 6

Cell body

Answer 6

portion of neuron that includes the cytoplasm and nucleus

Question 7

Myelin sheath

Answer 7

fatty insulating material around nerve axons

Question 8

Meninges

Answer 8

protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord

Question 9

Sensory (afferent)

Answer 9

transmit impulses from receptors to the system

Question 10

Motor (efferent)

Answer 10

transmits impulses from the central nervous system to a muscle gland

Question 11

Connective (associative or interneuron’s)

Answer 11

found in the brain and spinal cord- they link other neurons.

Question 12

Types of neurons

Answer 12

Sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), connective (associative or interneuron’s)

Question 13

Receptor

Answer 13

specialized cell or organ that provide information about the environment

Question 14

Autonomic Nervous system

Answer 14

part of NS that controls the internal organs - has two divisions, parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 15

Parasympathetic

Answer 15

part of the ANS “rest and digest” system

Question 16

Sympathetic

Answer 16

part of the ANS “fight or flight” system

Question 17

Reflex

Answer 17

unconscious and involuntary movement

Question 18

Spinal cord

Answer 18

extends from the brain stem to the second lumbar vertebra, it conducts messages from brain to PNS

Question 19

Brain

Answer 19

consists of four main sections, cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum and brainstem

Question 20

Cerebrum

Answer 20

largest section of brain consists of two hemispheres that are divided into lobes

Question 21

Cerebral cortex

Answer 21

outer layer of cerebrum—made up of grey matter, conscious thought, judgments, will power

Question 22

Frontal lobe

Answer 22

responsible for morality, intellect, personality, speech, and motor functions

Question 23

Temporal lobe

Answer 23

responsible for hearing and smelling

Question 24

Occipital lobe

Answer 24

responsible for vision

Question 25

Parietal lobe

Answer 25

responsible for sensory, pain, heat, touch, and judging distances, sizes, and shapes

Question 26

Diencephalon

Answer 26

consists of thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 27

Thalamus

Answer 27

Traffic director for incoming and outgoing messages

Question 28

Hypothalamus

Answer 28

Controls metabolism, hormones, growth and reproduction, emotions, regulates water and mineral balance, and temperature,

Question 29

Brainstem

Answer 29

consists of pons, midbrain and medulla oblongata

Question 30

Midbrain

Answer 30

reflex center for vision and hearing

Question 31

Pons

Answer 31

Control breathing, chewing, and tasting

Question 32

Medulla oblongata

Answer 32

controls heart rate, blood pressure, breathing depth, swallowing/vomiting

Question 33

Polio

Answer 33

is a viral infection that destroy the motor neurons and part of the spinal cord

Question 34

Alzheimer’s

Answer 34

disease that is characterized by depression, disorientation and memory loss

Question 35

Cerebral palsy

Answer 35

caused by lack of oxygen to the brain before or during birth, results in difficulty walking and talking.

Question 36

Parkinson

Answer 36

results in muscle stiffness, slow movements, hand tremors, slurred speech and loss of posture

Question 37

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 37

degenerative disease of the CNS, where tissue dies because plaques harden and form scar tissue at multiple cites (myelin is destroyed)

Question 38

Meningitis

Answer 38

inflammation of the meninges, caused by virus or bacteria, a stiff neck is often a symptom

Question 39

Stroke

Answer 39

results when a blood vessel ruptures in the brain