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Embryology > Vocabulary - Fertilization and implantation > Flashcards

Vocabulary - Fertilization and implantation Flashcards

1
Q

process by which male and female gametes fuse

A

fertilization

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2
Q

mitotic cell division of the zygote

A

cleavage

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3
Q

cleavage of zygote to 32 or more cells

A

morula

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4
Q

outer cell mass of morula giving rise to the placenta

A

trophoblast

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5
Q

fertilized egg implanting into the endometrium; fluid-filled central cavity formed by morula

A

blastocyst

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6
Q

cell line that gives rise to the gametes; originate in the yolk sac at 4th week of development; migrate to presumptive gonadal region

A

primordial germ cells

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7
Q

proliferation of primordial germ cells leads to … (compact strands of tissue)

A

primitive sex cords

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8
Q

swelling of primitive sex cords leads to …

A

genital ridges; primordial gonads

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9
Q

a single layer of follicle cells surrounding primary oocytes

A

primary follicle

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10
Q

mass of cells found in empty follicle stimulated by LH hormone; maintains the pregnancy state (endometrial wall); secretes progesterone for 11-12 weeks of embryonic development

A

corpus luteum

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11
Q

removal of glycoprotein coat and seminal proteins from acrosome (head of sperm)

A

capacitation

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12
Q

glycoprotein shell of oocyte

A

zona pellucida

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13
Q

during cleavage, these cells are called …

A

blastomeres

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14
Q

blastomeres in the center of the morula; gives rise to embryo/organs

A

inner cell mass

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15
Q

blastomeres in the periphery of the morula; gives rise to placenta

A

outer cell mass

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16
Q

embryo proper (created by inner cell mass) is called …

A

embryoblast

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17
Q

placenta (created by outer cell mass) is called …

A

trophoblast

18
Q

structure with fluid-filled cavity derived from morula 4 days post fertilization that breaks free from zona pellucida and implants into uterine wall

A

blastocyst

19
Q

hormone secreted after successful implantation; supports corpus luteum and supplies progesterone

A

human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)

20
Q

abnormal site of implantation due to “burrowing capabilities” of blastocyst

A

ectopic pregnancy

21
Q

2 layers of embryoblast

A

epiblast (primary ectoderm) and hypoblast (primary endoderm)

22
Q

remnants of epiblast and hypoblast; lies between amniotic cavity and blastocyte cavity; cells develop into embryo proper

A

bilaminar disc

23
Q

invades endometrium and pulls blastocyst into the uterine wall 7 days post fertilization

A

syncytiotrophoblast

24
Q

where do the primordial germ cells differentiate into sperm and oocyte?

A

the developing gonads

25
Q

what type of sex cords do males have?

A

medullary sex cords

26
Q

what type of sex cords do females have?

A

cortical sex cords

27
Q

what is the role of testosterone in male development?

A

1) activate the primordial germ cells
2) stimulate growth of the testis
3) mature the seminiferous tubules
4) induce spermatogenesis

28
Q

where does testosterone originate from?

A

testis

29
Q

used to determine “ovarian reserve”; visible on ultrasound; indicative of the number of primordial follicles remaining

A

Antral Follicle Count

30
Q

what is a low AFC (Antral Follicle Count) indicative of?

A

infertility; low egg supply

31
Q

what is a high AFC (Antral Follicle Count) indicative of?

A

fertility; high egg supply

32
Q

how can a women increase her chances of getting pregnant?

A

1) monitor body temperature
2) cervical mucus production
3) LH levels

33
Q

when is a woman’s most fertile period?

A

several days before and no more than one day after ovulation

34
Q

what is the purpose of the menstrual cycle?

A

1) produce a mature egg to be fertilized

2) prime the uterus

35
Q

which hormone stimulates ovulation (egg release)

A

LH (ovulation-stimulating hormone)

36
Q

identical twins joined in utero

and are typically classified by the point at which their bodies are joined.

A

conjoined twins

37
Q

occur when a twin embryo begins developing in utero, but the pair does not fully
separate, and one embryo maintains dominant development at the expense of the other

A

parasitic twins

38
Q

what stage of meiosis is the egg in at ovulation?

A

meiosis II

39
Q

which endocrine structures release hormones?

A

hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland

40
Q

gonadotrophin-releasing hormone stimulates which 3 hormones?

A

gonadotrophin, FSH, and LH (leads to ovulation)

Embryology (7 decks)

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