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Embryology > Vocabulary - Cardiovascular development > Flashcards

Vocabulary - Cardiovascular development Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

blood vessel formation

A

angiogenesis

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2
Q

heart formation

A

cardiogenesis

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3
Q

base of aortic arches

A

aortic sac

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4
Q

primitive heart chamber

A

bulbus cordis

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5
Q

distal portion of the bulbus cordis; forms outflow tract of the left and right ventricle; becomes subdivided y the proximal portion of the aorticopulmonary septum

A

conus cordis

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6
Q

loop formed when early heart folds upon itself

A

bulboventricular loop

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7
Q

mesenchymal masses that contribute to partitioning of the heart

A

endocardial cushions

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8
Q

paired tubes that fuse to form the primitive heart tube

A

endocardial tubes

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9
Q

tubular structure with grooves delineating chambers, from inflow to outflow

A

primitive heart

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10
Q

what are the 5 components of the primitive heart?

A

1) sinus venous
2) primitive paired atria
3) primitive ventricle
4) bulbus cordus
5) conus cordis

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11
Q

mesodermal mass (initially in front of pericardial cavity) that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

septum transversum

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12
Q

what are the 2 portions of the developing interatrial septum?

A

1) septum primum

2) septum secundum

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13
Q

partitioned by the aorticopulmonary septum; NOT a definitive structure found in normal adults; gives rise to the aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

truncus arteriosus

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14
Q

relating to yolk sac

A

vitelline

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15
Q

tissue composed of undifferentiated, multipotential cells. NOT EQUIVALENT TO MESODERM

A

mesenchyme

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16
Q

when do the embryonic blood vessels form?

A

week 3-late ( ~2days after the 1st extraembryonic vessels)

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17
Q

what does the heart initially begin as?

A

simple blood vessel

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18
Q

where do the extraembryonic blood vessels form?

A

visceral (splanchnic) layer of lateral plate mesoderm

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19
Q

what is the primordia of the heart?

A

endocardial tubes

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20
Q

the primitive vessels will form the ….

A

endocardial tubes and paired dorsal aortae

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21
Q

space between somatic and visceral (splanchnic) lateral plate mesoderm

A

embryonic coelom

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22
Q

when (specifically) do the endocardial tubes fuse to form a single primitive heart tube?

A

day 20-22

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23
Q

cellular layer of heart resulting from fusion of heart tubes

A

endocardium

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24
Q

layer of developing muscle derived from splanchnic mesoderm

A

myocardium

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25
outer layer fromed by splanchnic mesoderm migrating from sinus venosus
epicardium
26
lubricates movements of the pericardial layers
pericardial fluid
27
fibrous layer superficial to the epicardium; continuous with adventitial layer of the great blood vessels
fibrous pericardium
28
tissue formed by fusion of mesoderm layers between the gut and developing heart; suspends heart in pericardial cavity
dorsal mesocardium
29
when is the heart no longer constrained in either the dorsal or ventral direction?
formation of the transverse sinus of the pericardium
30
blood flows into the heart through the ...
left and right horns of the sinus venosus
31
after entering through the left and right horns of the sinus venosus, blood flows cranially through the .... (4)
1) single primitive atria 2) primitive ventricle 3) bulbus cordis 4) aortic sac
32
blood exits the primitive heart via the ....
aortic arches
33
the truncus arteriosus is eventually partitioned into the ...
1) ascending aorta | 2) pulmonary artery
34
growth of the bulbus cordis and primitive ventricle; fixes arterial and venous end of the heart
bulboventricular loop
35
the process of forming partitions
septation
36
at which week do the endocardial cusions develop on the dorsal and ventral walls of the primitive heart?
week 4
37
True or false? endocardial cushions run the entire length of the heart
FALSE
38
the atrioventricular foramen is subdivided by the ...
endocardial cushions
39
what structures are formed by the thinning of the myocardium surrounding the canals?
1) atrioventricular valves 2) mitral valve (or left bicuspid) 3) right tricuspid valve
40
grows on the roof of the common atrium
septum primum
41
the opening between the septum primum and the endocardial cushions
foramen primum
42
which septum forms to the right of the septum primum?
septum secundum
43
True or false? the ostium primum is lost as the septum primum fuses caudally
TRUE
44
opening formed by the free edges of the septum primum and septum secundum
foramen ovale
45
name the two outflow paths created by the aorticopulmonary septum
1) ascending aorta | 2) pulmonary trunk
46
pair of swellings/cushions; aorticopulmnoary septum develops from this structure ...
truncal and bulbar ridges
47
the interventricular septum is composed of ...
1) muscular part | 2) membranous part
48
space between cusions and muscular septum; open communication between ventricles until end of week 7
interventricular foramen
49
the completion of the interventricular septum is dependent upon ...
the completion of the aorticopulmonary septum
50
25% of all congenital cardiac malformations; always involve left-to-right shunt of blood after birth; may lead to congestive heart failure; can close spontaneously
ventricular septal defects (VSDs)
51
transverse (lateral) folding moves heart ...
to the midline position
52
longitudinal (head) folding moves heart ...
ventrally
53
when does the heart develop septations?
day 28-37
54
congenital anomalies of the heart and great vessels (ex. Tetralogy of Fallot)
atrial septal defect
55
most common ASD; probe patent (25% of population), may be clinically insignificant; cyanosis can result
patent foramen ovale
56
abnormally short septum secundum or septum with fenestrations
secundum ASDs
57
complete failure of interarterial septum formation; 3 chambers (2 ventricles, 1 big atrium)
cor trioculare biventriculare
58
typically results in heart muscle hypertrophy
premature closure of foramen ovale
59
failure of TA to divide ; conotruncal ridges do not develop properly; can be associated with multiple anatomical changes
persistant truncus arteriosus
60
most common cause of cyanotic disease in newborns; aorticopulmnoary septums grows straight instead of spiraling; two circulations; may involve a VSD
transposition of the great arteries/vessels (TGA)
61
unequal TA division leads to one artery being larger than the other; misplaced aorticopulmonary septum misaligns with intraventricular septum
overriding aorta or pulmonary trunk
62
misplaced aorticopulmonary septum leading to 1) overriding aorta, 2) VSD, 3) pulmonary stenosis/pulmonary valve stenosis, 4) right ventricular hypertrophy
Tetralogy of Fallot
63
the septum primum and endocardial cushion FUSE to close the ...
foramen primum

Embryology (7 decks)

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