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Marine Biology > Vocabulary - Exam 2 > Flashcards

Vocabulary - Exam 2 Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Rocky Intertidal

A

zones dictated by amount of exposure to air

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2
Q

Spray Zone

A

highest high tide, never submerged (lichens, snails)

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3
Q

High Tide Zone

A

lowest high tide, only submerged during highest high tide (cyanobacteria, barnacles, algae)

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4
Q

Mid Tide Zone

A

submerged and exposed during each tidal cycle (barnacles and mussels dominated)

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5
Q

Low Tide Zone

A

lowest low tide; exposed briefly at low tide; HIGHEST DIVERSITY (starfish, algae)

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6
Q

Subtidal Zone

A

never exposed; always submerged; high energy wave (algae dominated)

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7
Q

Tide Pools

A

harsh living conditions (limited O2 and nutrients, temperature and salinity changes dramatically)

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8
Q

Cryptobiosis

A

form of dried dormancy that lasts years - ie. fungus

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9
Q

Hypersaline

A

increase concentration = loss of water = sun

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10
Q

Hyposaline

A

decrease concentration = dilution of water = rain

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11
Q

Cross tolerance

A

exposed to 1 stressor allows tolerance for that one but also for others that come with it

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12
Q

Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis

A

If disturbance is moderate - longer lived competitive species and shorter lived colonizer species will coexist; HIGHER DIVERSITY

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13
Q

Trophic Cascade

A

occur when predators in food web suppress the abundance or alter the behavior of their prey, thereby releasing the next lower trophic level prom predation

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14
Q

Bottom-Up Control

A

nutrient availability drives primary productivity - drives densities of high trophic levels

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15
Q

Top-Down Control

A

Predators control densities of lower trophic levels

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16
Q

Keystone Species

A

one whose impact on its community of ecosystem is disproportionately relative to its abundance (ie. starfish and sea otters)

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17
Q

Connectivity

A

level of connectedness between species within a system

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18
Q

Species redundancy

A

multiple species fulfill the same ecological role

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19
Q

Exploitative competition

A

compete based on resources - no direct interactions

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20
Q

Interference competition

A

direct competition within each other for resources

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21
Q

Symbioses

A

living together of 2 heterospecific organisms

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22
Q

Phoresis

A

2 species interactions, non-obligatory relationship, no fitness advantage/detriment (ie. barnacles and mussels)

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23
Q

Mutualism

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A

reciprocal benefit for both participants (higher fitness advantage for both) i.e.. anemone and zooxanthellae

24
Q

Commensalism

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A

asymmetrical benefit, increase fitness for one but no harm for the other; ie. remora and fish/shark

25
Parasitism
asymmetrical benefit, one species increase fitness and others harmed, i.e., trematode/snail
26
Estuary
semi-enclosed area where freshwater from river runoff meets sea water (ie. lagoons, sloughs, bays)
27
Salt Marsh
grasses tolerate to salt, but each exist at a different salt marsh height - found in Cali and east coast
28
Mangroves
Derived from terrestrial plants and adapted to salty, anoxic shores - found 0-30 degrees
29
Pneumatophores
root extension above sediment that collect O2 for mangroves
30
Prop Roots
stem from trunk or branches of mangroves
31
Hermatypic corals
cnidaria that build reefs in the form of the CaCO3 skeletons
32
Fringe Reefs
near shore, narrow band of coral, and vulnerable to runoff/pollution
33
Barrier Reef
offshore, separated from land by a deep lagoon
34
Back Reef Slope
patches of coral, not one continuous structure (found in barrier reefs)
35
Fore Reef Slope
exposed to open ocean (found in barrier reefs)
36
Atoll Reef
formed by the subsidence of an island
37
Ostium
small incurrent opening (porifera)
38
Osculum
large excurrent opening at top (porifera)
39
Spongocoel
central cavity (atrium) (porifera)
40
Choanocyte
flagellated cell that pulls water in through the ostrium (line inside of entire sponge) (porifera)
41
Pinacocytes
tough epithelial cells that line surface to form pinacoderm (porifera)
42
Mesohyls
organic matrix of porifera cells
43
Suspension Feeders
eat particles suspended in the water
44
Cnidocytes
stinging cells unique to the Cnidaria
45
Diploblast
2 cellular layers (ectoderm and endoderm); unique to the Cnidaria
46
Prokaryotes
Smaller than euks, no true uncles, DNA circular, no mitochondria or chloroplasts, cell movement by flagella made of flagellin, and cell division through binary fission
47
Eukaryotes
Bigger than pros, true nucleus (two layer wall), DNA linear and inside nucleus, have mitochondria and chloroplasts, cell movement by flagella or cilia made of tubilin, single cells, colonies, or cell specialization, cell division through mitosis and meiosis
48
Viruses
are not alive because no common ancestor, do not have own metabolism, and gain heredity information from host
49
The Microbial Loop
TML is a depiction of the microbial food web. The pathway starts with dissolved organic matter (DOM) which makes its way through various trophic levels ultimately to the highest trophic levels. - dead plants and animal break down (DOM) - DOM consumed by bacteria - nutrients are leak during DOM consumption and/or released when viral infected bacteria rupture - phytoplankton take up nutrients - bacteria are eaten by flagellates and cilia
50
Diazotroph
organisms that fix nitrogen
51
Heterocysts
nitrogen fixation occurs in a special, non-photosynthetic, anoxic cell that creates enzymes to break apart O2
52
Autotrophs
Produces complex organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules and an external source of energy (self feed) (ie. cyanobacteria)
53
Phototroph
converts solar energy into chemical energy for photosynthesis; Calvin Cycle uses the energy to convert CO2 from the atmosphere to glucose (organic sugars) (ie. algae)
54
Chemotrophs
Energy from oxidation creates ATP; chemotrophs support the hydrothermal vent communities (ie. bacteria)
55
Heterotrophs
Requires organic substrates to get its carbon for growth and development (ie. filter feedings - barnacles, sponges)
56
Mixotroph
growth through both autotrophy and heterotroph (i.e. giant clams)

Marine Biology (6 decks)

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