Vocabulary Chapter 8 Flashcards
The requirement that to divide, a cell must be attached to a solid surface
Anchorage dependence
The fourth stage of mitosis, beginning when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell
Anaphase
The creation of offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg
Asexual reproduction
A chromosome not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism
Autosome
An abnormal mass of cells that remains at its original site in the body
Benign tumor
A means of asexual reproduction in which a parent organism, often a single cell, divides into two individuals of about equal size
Binary fission
Cancer that originates in the coverings of the body
Carcinoma
Ordered sequence of events that extends from the time a eukaryotic cell is formed from a dividing parent cell until it’s own division into two cells
Cell cycle
A cyclically operating set of proteins that triggers and coordinates events in the eukaryotic cell cycle
Cell cycle control system
The reproduction of cells
Cell division
A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis
Cell plate
The region of a duplicate chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined and where spindle Microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis
Centromere
Material in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that gives rise to Microtubules
Centrosome
The microscopically visible site where crossing over has occurred between chromatids and homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis
Chiasma
Complex of DNA and proteins that constitutes eukaryotic chromosomes
Chromatin
Threadlike gene-carrying structure found in the in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and most visible during mitosis and meiosis
Chromosome
(1) cytokinesis in animal cells and in some protists, characterized by pinching in of the plasma membrane. (2) in animal development, the succession of rapid cell division without cell growth that converts the animal zygote into a ball of cells
Cleavage
The first sign of cytokinesis during cell division in an animal cell
Cleavage furrow
The exchange of segments between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during synapsis in prophase 1 of meiosis
Crossing over
The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
Cytokinesis
The loss of one more nucleotides from a gene by mutation
Deletion
A human genetic disorder resulting from the presence of an extra chromosome 21
Down syndrome
A sex cell
Gamete
A complete set of an organism’s genes
Genome
