Vocabulary Chapter 8

Question 0

The requirement that to divide, a cell must be attached to a solid surface

Answer 0

Anchorage dependence

Question 1

The fourth stage of mitosis, beginning when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell

Answer 1

Anaphase

Question 2

The creation of offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg

Answer 2

Asexual reproduction

Question 3

A chromosome not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism

Answer 3

Autosome

Question 4

An abnormal mass of cells that remains at its original site in the body

Answer 4

Benign tumor

Question 5

A means of asexual reproduction in which a parent organism, often a single cell, divides into two individuals of about equal size

Answer 5

Binary fission

Question 6

Cancer that originates in the coverings of the body

Answer 6

Carcinoma

Question 7

Ordered sequence of events that extends from the time a eukaryotic cell is formed from a dividing parent cell until it’s own division into two cells

Answer 7

Cell cycle

Question 8

A cyclically operating set of proteins that triggers and coordinates events in the eukaryotic cell cycle

Answer 8

Cell cycle control system

Question 9

The reproduction of cells

Answer 9

Cell division

Question 10

A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis

Answer 10

Cell plate

Question 11

The region of a duplicate chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined and where spindle Microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis

Answer 11

Centromere

Question 12

Material in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that gives rise to Microtubules

Answer 12

Centrosome

Question 13

The microscopically visible site where crossing over has occurred between chromatids and homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis

Answer 13

Chiasma

Question 14

Complex of DNA and proteins that constitutes eukaryotic chromosomes

Answer 14

Chromatin

Question 15

Threadlike gene-carrying structure found in the in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and most visible during mitosis and meiosis

Answer 15

Chromosome

Question 16

(1) cytokinesis in animal cells and in some protists, characterized by pinching in of the plasma membrane. (2) in animal development, the succession of rapid cell division without cell growth that converts the animal zygote into a ball of cells

Answer 16

Cleavage

Question 17

The first sign of cytokinesis during cell division in an animal cell

Answer 17

Cleavage furrow

Question 18

The exchange of segments between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during synapsis in prophase 1 of meiosis

Answer 18

Crossing over

Question 19

The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

Answer 19

Cytokinesis

Question 20

The loss of one more nucleotides from a gene by mutation

Answer 20

Deletion

Question 21

A human genetic disorder resulting from the presence of an extra chromosome 21

Answer 21

Down syndrome

Question 22

A sex cell

Answer 22

Gamete

Question 23

A complete set of an organism’s genes

Answer 23

Genome

Question 24

A protein secreted by certain body cells that stimulates other cells to divide

Answer 24

Growth factor

Question 25

In the life cycle of an organism that reproduces sexually, a cell containing one generation to the adults of the next

Answer 25

Haploid cell

Question 26

Entire sequence of stages in the life of an organism

Answer 26

Life cycle

Question 27

Cancer of the tissue that produces white blood cells

Answer 27

Lymphoma

Question 28

The third stage of mitosis

Answer 28

Metaphase