Vocabulary Chapter 10 Pt2 Flashcards
An infectious form of protein that may multiply by converting related proteins into more prions
Prion
A polymer made up of many nucleotides covalently bonded together
Polynucleotide
A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA located at the start of a gene that is in the binding state for RNA polymerase and the place where transcription begins
Promoter
Phage DNA that has inserted by genetic recombination into the DNA of a prokaryotic chromosome
Prophage
A bacterial plasmid that carries genes for enzymes that destroy particular antibiotics, thus making the bacterium resistant to the antibiotics
R plasmid
The way in which a cell’s mRNA-translating machinery groups the mRNA nucleotides into codons
Reading frame
An RNA virus that reproduces by means of a DNA molecule
Retrovirus
An enzyme used by retroviruses that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA on an RNA template.
Reverse transcriptase
The type of ribonucleic acid that, together with proteins, makes up ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
An enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template
RNA polymerase
The removal of introns and joining of exons in eukaryotic RNA, forming an mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence
RNA splicing
Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one newly made strand
Semiconservative model
On mRNA the specific three-nucleotide sequence (AUG) to which an initiator tRNA molecule blinds, starting translation of genetic information
Start codon
In mRNA, one of three triplets (UAG, UAA, UGA) that signal gene translation to stop
Stop codon
The alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which the DNA and RNA nitrogenous bases are reattached
Sugar-phosphate backbone
