Vocabulary Chapter 10 Flashcards
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AIDS
A double ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA
Adenine
On a tRNA molecule a specific sequence of three nucleotides that is complementary to a Codon triplet on mRNA
Anticodon
Virus to infect bacteria also called a phage
Bacteriophage
The protein shell that encloses a viral genome
Capsid
A three nucleotide sequence in and mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or polypeptide termination signal; Basic unit of genetic code
Codon
The union (mating) of two bacterial cells or protist cells and transfer of DNA between the two cells
Conjunction
A single-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA
Cytosine
An enzyme, essential for DNA replication, that catalyzes the covalent bonding of adjacent DNA strands
DNA ligase
An enzyme that assembles DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape
Double helix
A virus that has appeared suddenly or has recently come to the attention of medical scientists
Emerging virus/disease
A piece of DNA that can exist as a bacterial plasmid
F factor
Set of rules that dictates the correspondence between RNA codons in an mRNA molecule and amino acids in protein
Genetic code
A double-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA
Guanine
Human immunodeficiency virus
HIV
A type of bacteriophage replication cycle in which the viral genome is incorporated into the bacterial host chromosome as a prophage
Lysogenic cycle
And type of viral replication cycle resulting in the release of new viruses by lysis (breaking open) of the host cell
Lyric cycle
The study of the molecular basis of gens and gene expression
Molecular biology
A chemical or physical agent that Interacts with DNA and causes a mutation
Mutagen
The creation of a mutation
Mutagenesis
A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organisms DNA
Mutation
And organic monomer consisting of five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
Nucleotide
One of two of a ribosomes binding sites for tRNA during translation
P site
A small ring of independently replicating DNA separate from the main chromosome
Plasmid
