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A&P Final > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Reflex

A

A rapid, automatic response to a stimulus

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2
Q

Efferent Nerve Fibers

A

Also described as motor nerve fibers, carry impulses away from CNS

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3
Q

Afferent nerves

A

Nerves that carry impulses toward CNS

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4
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Responsible for myelination of nerve fibers in the CNS

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5
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Responsible for myelination of nerve axons in the PNS

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6
Q

Axon

A

Part of neuron that conducts impulses away from cell body

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7
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Substances released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse

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8
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Part of the brain that is the main visceral control center of the body, including body temperature and sleep-waking cycle

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9
Q

Cerebellum

A

Part of the brain that is responsible for smooth, coordinated movements

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10
Q

Arbor vitae

A

White matter in the cerebrum looks like a tree

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11
Q

Sulcus

A

Shallow groove on the surface of the cortex

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12
Q

Gyrus

A

A ridge on the surface of the cortex

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13
Q

Syncope

A

Brief loss of consciousness

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14
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Temporary cessation of breathing during sleep

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15
Q

Memory

A

The storage and retrieval of information

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16
Q

Sympathetic divison

A

Know as the “Flight or Flight” system

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17
Q

Parasympathetic division

A

Known as the “rest and digest” system

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18
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Clear gel that fills the posterior segment of the eye

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19
Q

Fovea centralis

A

Area of greatest visual acuity, contains only cones

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20
Q

Rods

A

Dim-light and peripheral vision receptors

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21
Q

Cones

A

Bright light and high-resolution color vision receptors

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22
Q

Otoliths

A

Ear stones, help monitor equilibrium

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23
Q

Taste buds

A

Sensory organs for taste

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24
Q

Oxytocin

A

Strong stimulant of uterine contractions

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25
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

Promotes reabsorption of water from kidney tubules

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26
Q

Growth hormone

A

Tissue building hormone that promotes growth

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27
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone

A

Stimulates production of gametes

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28
Q

Prolactin

A

Stimulates milk production

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29
Q

Thyroid hormone

A

Made of two iodine-containing hormones

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30
Q

Leptin

A

Secreted by adipocytes, suppresses appetite

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31
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Stimulates production of red blood cells

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32
Q

Glucagon

A

The effect is to raise blood glucose levels

33
Q

Insulin

A

Effect is to lower blood glucose levels

34
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Transports carbon dioxide and oxygen

35
Q

Basophil

A

Has dark straining granules,releases histamine & heparin

36
Q

Monocyte

A

Largest WBC, crucial in defense against viruses

37
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Forms the structural framework of a blood clot

38
Q

Albumin

A

Major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure

39
Q

Hemoglobin

A

A protein that binds easily and reversibly to oxygen

40
Q

Leukemia

A

A cancerous condition involving white blood cells

41
Q

Anemia

A

Condition in which blood has low O2 carrying capacity

42
Q

Hemoglobin F

A

A special type of hemoglobin in fetal red blood cells

43
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of the heart

44
Q

Mitral Valve

A

AV valve with two flaps

45
Q

Myocardium

A

Heart muscle

46
Q

Tachycardia

A

Abnormally fast heart rate

47
Q

Ischemia

A

Heart muscle is deprived of oxygen

48
Q

Spleen

A

Largest lymphoid organ, RBC ‘graveyard’

49
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

Kills cancer and virus-infected body cells

50
Q

B cells

A

Forms antibody-producing cells

51
Q

IgG

A

Antibody that can cross placental barrier and mother’s milk

52
Q

Pathogens

A

Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms

53
Q

Nasal septum

A

Divides the nasal cavity

54
Q

Oropharynx

A

Common passageway for food and air

55
Q

Epiglottis

A

A flap that closes trachea during swallowing

56
Q

Glottis

A

Collective name for vocal folds and medial opening

57
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Amount of air exchanged during normal breathing

58
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wavelike smooth muscle contractions

59
Q

Lingual frenulum

A

Fold of mucosa that secures tongue to floor of mouth

60
Q

Bolus

A

Compact mass of chewed food mixed with saliva

61
Q

Halitosis

A

Clinical term for bad breath

62
Q

Rennin

A

Enzyme that coagulates milk protein

63
Q

Acrosome

A

contain digestive enzymes that break down the outer membrane of the ovum allowing haploid cells to combine

64
Q

Areola

A

lightly pigmented area around each nipple

65
Q

Autosomes

A

any chromosome that’s not a sex chromosome

66
Q

Corpus luteum

A

a hormone-secreting structure that develops in an ovary after an ovum has been discharged but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun

67
Q

Ductus deferens

A

tiny muscular tube in the male reproductive system that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

68
Q

Epididymis

A

a highly convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens.

69
Q

Gametes

A

a mature haploid male or female germ cell

70
Q

Glycogen

A

a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates. It is a polysaccharide that forms glucose on hydrolysis

71
Q

IgE

A

antibodies produced by the immune system. If you have an allergy, your immune system overreacts to an allergen by producing antibodies called Immunoglobulin E

72
Q

Lymph

A

a colorless fluid containing white blood cells, that bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream.

73
Q

Peyer’s patches

A

are small masses of lymphatic tissue found throughout the ileum region of the small intestine

74
Q

Platelets

A

a small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting

75
Q

Residual volume

A

the volume of air still remaining in the lungs after the most forcible expiration possible

76
Q

Seminal glands

A

a pair of simple tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary bladder

77
Q

Spermiogenesis

A

the final stage of spermatogenesis was is seeds the maturing of spermatids into mature, motile spermatozoa

78
Q

Stratum functionalis

A

a thick superficial layer that is shed off during menstruation and grows anew each cycle

79
Q

Type II alveolar cells

A

cover a small fraction of the alveolar surface area. Their function is of major importance in the secretion of pulmonary surfactant, which decreases the surface tension

A&P Final (4 decks)

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