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A&P Final > MC > Flashcards

MC Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the choices below describes the ANS?

  • motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
  • motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to the end of the colon where feces exits
  • sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS
  • Sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract
A

motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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2
Q

What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that plays an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called?

A

ependymal cells

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3
Q

What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus?

A

frequency of the action potentials

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4
Q

Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle?

  • cholinesterase
  • norepinephrine
  • acetylcholine
  • gamma-aminobutyric acid
A

acetylcholine

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5
Q

The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another is the ______.

A

absolute refractory period

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6
Q

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?

A

destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings

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7
Q

The term central nervous system refers to the ________.

A

brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

Saltatory conduction is made possible by _______.

A

the myelin sheath

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9
Q

The primary auditory cortex is located in the ______.

A

Temporal lobe

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10
Q

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal fissure

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11
Q

Broca’s area _________.

A

is considered a motor speech area

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12
Q

The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory banks is called ______.

A

association

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13
Q

Striking the “funny bone” is actually stimulation of ( or injury to) the ____.

A

ulnar nerve

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14
Q

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by _____.

A

nociceptors

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15
Q

The sciatic nerve is a combination of which of the two nerves?

  • pudendal and posterior femoral cutaneous
  • posterior femoral cutaneous and tibial
  • pudendal and common fibular
  • common fibular and tibial
A

common fibular and tibial

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16
Q

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all except _______.

  • constriction of must blood vessels
  • dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles
  • increase of heart rate and force
  • dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera
A

dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera

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17
Q

Parasympathetic functions include _______.

A

lens accommodation for close vision, such as reading a book

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18
Q

What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptor of the eye?

A

iris

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19
Q

Farsightedness is more properly called _____.

A

hyperopia

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20
Q

Ordinarily, it is not possible to transplant tissue from one person to another, yet corneas can be transplanted without tissue rejection. This is because of the cornea ______.

A

Has no blood supply

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21
Q

Motion sickness seems to ______.

A

Result from a mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs

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22
Q

The only special sense not fully functional at birth is the sense of _________.

A

vision

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23
Q

The blind spot of the eye is where ________.

A

The optic nerve leaves the eye

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24
Q

Light passes through the following structures in what order?

A

Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous

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25
Q

Seventy percent of all sensory receptors are located in the ______.

A

eye

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26
Q

Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and that regulate the metabolic function of the other cells in the body are called ______.

A

Hormones

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27
Q

Which endocrine gland is known as the “master endocrine gland’ since it regulates the function of most other?

A

anterior pituitary

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28
Q

Which endocrine organ is important in developing the immune system in early childhood then declines in size with age?

A

Thymus

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29
Q

Steroid hormones exert their action by ______.

A

entering the nucleus of a cell in initiating or altering the expression of a gene

30
Q

In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the target organ. This is known as ______.

A

up-regulation

31
Q

Which endocrine organ is just a hormone-storage area for hormones made by the hypothalamus?

A

Posterior pituitary

32
Q

What is the average normal pH range of blood?

A

7.35-7.45

33
Q

Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood?

A

Hemocytoblast

34
Q

Platelets _______.

A

stick to the damaged area blood vessels and help seal the break

35
Q

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?

A

Kidney

36
Q

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?

A

closure of the heart valves

37
Q

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to _____.

A

pump blood with greater pressure

38
Q

Damage to the ______ is referred to as heart block.

A

AV node

39
Q

What statement best describes arteries?

A

All carry blood away from the heart.

40
Q

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of _______.

A

Capillaries

41
Q

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?

A

Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.

42
Q

The thymus is most active during ______.

A

childhood

43
Q

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the ride side of the head and thorax?

A

Right lymphatic duct

44
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

  • Draining excess interstitial fluid
  • carrying out immune response
  • transporting of dietary fat
  • transporting respiratory gases
A

transporting respiratory gases

45
Q

Which of the following is not a type of T cells?

  • cytotoxic
  • antigenic
  • helper
  • regulatory
A

antigenic

46
Q

B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the ______.

A

bone marrow

47
Q

Small molecules that bind with self-proteins to produce antigenic substances are called______.

A

haptens

48
Q

What will specific foreign substances out adaptive immune system be able to recognize and resist?

A

genes

49
Q

The primary immune response ______.

A

has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells.

50
Q

Define the four types of tissue grafts.

A
  • Autografts: from one body site to another in the same person
  • Isografts: between identical twins
  • Allografts: between individuals who are not identical twins
  • Xenografts: from another animal species
51
Q

Regarding acquired immunity, the introduction into a recipient of dead or attenuated pathogens, via a vaccine, is an example of________.

A

Active, artificially acquired immunity.

52
Q

The most common overreactions of the immune system are known as ________.

A

allergies

53
Q

The most powerful respiratory for breathing in a healthy person is _____________.

A

increase of CO2

54
Q

Because the lungs are filled with fluid during fetal life, what is true about the fetal respiratory exchange?

A

Respiratory exchanges are made through the placenta

55
Q

Which of the disorders below is characterized by destruction of the walls alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation?

  • Pneumonia
  • tuberculosis
  • emphysema
  • coryza
A

emphysema

56
Q

The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?

A

Plicate circulares,villi and microvilli

57
Q

Which of the following is not true of salvia?

A

contains enzymes that begin to break down of proteins

58
Q

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach?

A

parietal cells

59
Q

Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria?

A

synthesize vitamin K and B-complex

60
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the bladder

A

Transitional epithelial tissue

61
Q

Why is there fatty tissue around the kidneys?

A

it holds the kidneys in their normal position.

62
Q

What do the dartos and cremaster muscles do?

A

When the temperature is too low, the tunica dartos muscle contracts, causing the scrotal skin to wrinkle, and thus the scrotum has a smaller surface area for heat loss. Cold-induced contraction of the cremaster muscle also raises the testes to bring them closer to the warmer groin region

63
Q

What gland is responsible for making 70% of semen?

A

Seminal glands

64
Q

What destroys the sperm receptors on the surface of the oocyte?

A

zonal inhibiting protein

65
Q

What hormone stimulates milk ejection?

A

Oxytocin

66
Q

What produces hormones and maintains pregnancy for the first three months?

A

If pregnancy occurs, corpus luteum produces hormones that sustain the pregnancy until the placenta takes over at about 3 months.

67
Q

Which hormone maintains the viability of the corpus luteum?

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin

68
Q

What stage is the afterbirth expelled

A

The Placental stage

69
Q

What female structure that is homologous to the male penis?

A

Clitoris

70
Q

What cells produce testosterone?

A

Interstitial endocrine cells

71
Q

How does the testis respond to excessive body warmth?

A

They move away from the pelvic cavity

A&P Final (4 decks)

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