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**clinical survial guide > vocabulary > Flashcards

vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

allodynia

A

pain produced by non-noxious stimuli

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2
Q

anonychia

A

absence of nail; describes a nail that has failed to develop

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3
Q

arthrocentesis

A

aspiration of joint

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4
Q

atelectasis

A 
incomplete expansion of the lungs, collapse of alveoli
#1 reason for post-op fever
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5
Q

Auspitz’s sign

A

punctate bleeding when psoriatic scales are scraped

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6
Q

Baxter’s nerve

A

1st branch of the lateral plantar nerve (branch to the abductor digiti minimi)

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7
Q

Beau’s lines

A

single transverse depression in the nail due to temporary cessation of growth, often secondary to high fever or chemotherapy

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8
Q

Bier block

A

regional anesthesia of an extremity by placing a tourniquet and then infusing local anesthetic into a vein

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9
Q

Bouchard’s nodes

A

bony outgrowths on the dorsal PIPJs seen in osteoarthritis

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10
Q

Brodie’s abscess

A

walled-off infection in the bone, often seen with chronic osteomyelitis

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11
Q

Bywater’s sign

A

lucency of the superior posterior calcaneus due to inflammatory arthropathy

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12
Q

Capsulorrhaphy

A

suturing of a joint capsule

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13
Q

chopart’s joint

A

midtarsal joint

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14
Q

coleman block test

A

determines if rearfoot varus deformity is flexible or rigid

  • pt is placed on a wooden block one inch thick such that the entire foot is standing on the block except the medial forefoot
  • if the RF varus is flexible, the 1st met will plantarflex and the RF varus will correct
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15
Q

Cyma line

A

smooth “S” configuration formed by the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints on a lateral x-ray

  • pronated foot: anteriorly displaced
  • supinated foot: posteriorly displaced
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16
Q

diastasis

A

dislocation or seperation of 2 normally attached bones

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17
Q

ecchymosis

A

bruise

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18
Q

enthesopathy

A

disorder of the muscular or tendinous attachment to bone

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19
Q

eponychium

A

nail cuticle (posterior nail fold)

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20
Q

Gottron’s Papules

A

scaling, erythematous eruption or dusky red patches over the knuckles, elbows and knees seen in pts with dermatomyositis

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21
Q

Hapalonychia

A

a rubbery and pliable nail plate, usually caused by hyperhidrosis or endocrine disorder

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22
Q

Heberden’s nodes

A

bony outgrowths on the dorsal DIPJs seen in osteoarthritis

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23
Q

heloma durum

A

hard corn, usually on top of a toe

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24
Q

heloma molle

A

soft corn, usually found between toes

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25
Q

homan’s sign

A

calf pain with forced dorsiflexion of the foot

- indicative of DVT

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26
Q

Hubscher maneuver

A

hallux is dorsiflexed during WB, the arch will rise due to the windlass mechanism (if there is no osseous restriction)

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27
Q

Hypesthesia

A

decreased sensation

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28
Q

induration

A

abnormal hardening of a tissue or organ

29
Q

Kelikian test

A

tests whether the MPJ is reducible

- push up on the plantar surface of the metatarsal head and see if the toe straightens out

30
Q

koilonychia

A

spoon-shaped nail

  • seen in long standing iron deficiency anemia or Plummer-Vinson syndrome
  • also seen in conjunction with dysphagia and glossitis, usually in middle-aged women)
31
Q

Lachman test

A

tests stability in the MPJ by trying to pop the metatarsal head out of the joint

32
Q

lemont’s nerve

A

intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve

33
Q

lindsay’s nail (half-and-half)

A

proximal nail bed is white and distal nail bed is red/brown

- indicates azotemia or renal disease

34
Q

leukonychia

A

nails exhibiting white spots or striata

35
Q

maceration

A

white, soggy appearance that the skin takes on after tissue is soaked
- often seen between toes

36
Q

macronychia

A

abnormally large nail

37
Q

martel’s sign

A

overhanging margin of bone seen on radiograph in pts with goat

38
Q

Melanonychia

A

pigmented longitudinal bands in the nail

normal variation seen in dark-skinned pts

39
Q

metatarsalgia (differentials)

A

general term for pain in ball of foot
- differentials: stress fx, synovitis, capsulitis, plantar plate pathology, tendinitis, neuroma, bursitis, IPK, foreign body, DJD, fat pad atrophy, tumor, infection

40
Q

micronychia

A

abnormally small nail

41
Q

meuhrcke’s line

A

paired, narrow white bands that run parallel with the lunula and are separated from one another by areas of normal pink nail, due to hypoalbuminemia

42
Q

Mulder’s sign

A

transverse compression of the forefoot and simultaneous pressure on the interdigital space elicits pain/paresthesia and a possible click, indicating a neuroma

43
Q

O’Donoghue’s traid

A

coincidence of ACL injury, MCL injury, and meniscal tear

44
Q

neuralgia

A

pain in a nerve or along the course of a nerve

45
Q

onychauxic

A

hypertrophy of the nail (thick nail)

46
Q

onychoclasis

A

breaking of the nail

47
Q

onychocryptosis

A

ingrown nail

48
Q

onychogryphosis (Ram’s horn nails)

A

very thick, curved nails

49
Q

onycholysis

A

separation of the nail plate from the nail bed

50
Q

onychomycosis

A

fungal nail

51
Q

onychopuntata

A

pitting of the nails

- seen in psoriasis, alopecia areata, and lichen planus

52
Q

onychoschizia

A

splitting of the nail plate into layers which flake off

53
Q

Osler’s nodes

A

painful, red, raised lesions on the foot and hands

- sign of endocarditis or SLE

54
Q

paronychia

A

inflammation of the tissue folds around the nail

55
Q

radiculopathy

A

impingement of a nerve within the spinal canal

56
Q

radiolucent

A

permitting the passage of x-rays with little attenuation

black areas on xrays

57
Q

radiopaque

A

blocks radiation from passing through

white areas on xrays

58
Q

rubor

A

redness, classic sign of inflammation

59
Q

sclerotic

A

increased bone density on radiograph

60
Q

Silfverskiold test

A

tests for gastroc equinus

- if present there is more dorsiflexion available when knee is flexed than when knee is extended

61
Q

splayfoot

A

foot type with a 1st IMA > 12 degrees and 5th IMA >8 degrees

62
Q

telangectasia

A

vascular lesion formed by dilation of capillaries, resulting in irregular clusters of red lines which blanch when pressed

63
Q

Thompson’s (simmond’s) test

A

determines if there is rupture of the Achilles tendon

- positive: squeezing calf muscle fails to produce plantarflexion

64
Q

Tinel’s Sign

A

tingling which radiates distally with percussion of the tibial nerve

65
Q

turgor

A

a feeling of fullness and resistance to tissue deformation
- tested by pinching the skin for several seconds and noting if it rebounds back and how long it takes to rebound to noraml (will remain tented or take longer to return to normal if dehydrated)

66
Q

ungual labia

A

medial or lateral nail fold

67
Q

Valleix’s sign

A

tingling which radiates proximally with percussion of the tibial nerve

68
Q

Virchow’s triad

A

3 factors commonly associated with formation of thrombi: stasis, vessel injury (endothelial injury), hypercoagulability

69
Q

Wolff’s law

A

final bone morphology is determined by forces acting on it

- areas of increased force are thicker and areas of decreased force are thinner

**clinical survial guide (6 decks)

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