vocabulary Flashcards
allodynia
pain produced by non-noxious stimuli
anonychia
absence of nail; describes a nail that has failed to develop
arthrocentesis
aspiration of joint
atelectasis
incomplete expansion of the lungs, collapse of alveoli #1 reason for post-op fever
Auspitz’s sign
punctate bleeding when psoriatic scales are scraped
Baxter’s nerve
1st branch of the lateral plantar nerve (branch to the abductor digiti minimi)
Beau’s lines
single transverse depression in the nail due to temporary cessation of growth, often secondary to high fever or chemotherapy
Bier block
regional anesthesia of an extremity by placing a tourniquet and then infusing local anesthetic into a vein
Bouchard’s nodes
bony outgrowths on the dorsal PIPJs seen in osteoarthritis
Brodie’s abscess
walled-off infection in the bone, often seen with chronic osteomyelitis
Bywater’s sign
lucency of the superior posterior calcaneus due to inflammatory arthropathy
Capsulorrhaphy
suturing of a joint capsule
chopart’s joint
midtarsal joint
coleman block test
determines if rearfoot varus deformity is flexible or rigid
- pt is placed on a wooden block one inch thick such that the entire foot is standing on the block except the medial forefoot
- if the RF varus is flexible, the 1st met will plantarflex and the RF varus will correct
Cyma line
smooth “S” configuration formed by the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints on a lateral x-ray
- pronated foot: anteriorly displaced
- supinated foot: posteriorly displaced
diastasis
dislocation or seperation of 2 normally attached bones
ecchymosis
bruise
enthesopathy
disorder of the muscular or tendinous attachment to bone
eponychium
nail cuticle (posterior nail fold)
Gottron’s Papules
scaling, erythematous eruption or dusky red patches over the knuckles, elbows and knees seen in pts with dermatomyositis
Hapalonychia
a rubbery and pliable nail plate, usually caused by hyperhidrosis or endocrine disorder
Heberden’s nodes
bony outgrowths on the dorsal DIPJs seen in osteoarthritis
heloma durum
hard corn, usually on top of a toe
heloma molle
soft corn, usually found between toes
homan’s sign
calf pain with forced dorsiflexion of the foot
- indicative of DVT
Hubscher maneuver
hallux is dorsiflexed during WB, the arch will rise due to the windlass mechanism (if there is no osseous restriction)
Hypesthesia
decreased sensation
induration
abnormal hardening of a tissue or organ
Kelikian test
tests whether the MPJ is reducible
- push up on the plantar surface of the metatarsal head and see if the toe straightens out
koilonychia
spoon-shaped nail
- seen in long standing iron deficiency anemia or Plummer-Vinson syndrome
- also seen in conjunction with dysphagia and glossitis, usually in middle-aged women)
Lachman test
tests stability in the MPJ by trying to pop the metatarsal head out of the joint
lemont’s nerve
intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve
lindsay’s nail (half-and-half)
proximal nail bed is white and distal nail bed is red/brown
- indicates azotemia or renal disease
leukonychia
nails exhibiting white spots or striata
maceration
white, soggy appearance that the skin takes on after tissue is soaked
- often seen between toes
macronychia
abnormally large nail
martel’s sign
overhanging margin of bone seen on radiograph in pts with goat
Melanonychia
pigmented longitudinal bands in the nail
normal variation seen in dark-skinned pts
metatarsalgia (differentials)
general term for pain in ball of foot
- differentials: stress fx, synovitis, capsulitis, plantar plate pathology, tendinitis, neuroma, bursitis, IPK, foreign body, DJD, fat pad atrophy, tumor, infection
micronychia
abnormally small nail
meuhrcke’s line
paired, narrow white bands that run parallel with the lunula and are separated from one another by areas of normal pink nail, due to hypoalbuminemia
Mulder’s sign
transverse compression of the forefoot and simultaneous pressure on the interdigital space elicits pain/paresthesia and a possible click, indicating a neuroma
O’Donoghue’s traid
coincidence of ACL injury, MCL injury, and meniscal tear
neuralgia
pain in a nerve or along the course of a nerve
onychauxic
hypertrophy of the nail (thick nail)
onychoclasis
breaking of the nail
onychocryptosis
ingrown nail
onychogryphosis (Ram’s horn nails)
very thick, curved nails
onycholysis
separation of the nail plate from the nail bed
onychomycosis
fungal nail
onychopuntata
pitting of the nails
- seen in psoriasis, alopecia areata, and lichen planus
onychoschizia
splitting of the nail plate into layers which flake off
Osler’s nodes
painful, red, raised lesions on the foot and hands
- sign of endocarditis or SLE
paronychia
inflammation of the tissue folds around the nail
radiculopathy
impingement of a nerve within the spinal canal
radiolucent
permitting the passage of x-rays with little attenuation
black areas on xrays
radiopaque
blocks radiation from passing through
white areas on xrays
rubor
redness, classic sign of inflammation
sclerotic
increased bone density on radiograph
Silfverskiold test
tests for gastroc equinus
- if present there is more dorsiflexion available when knee is flexed than when knee is extended
splayfoot
foot type with a 1st IMA > 12 degrees and 5th IMA >8 degrees
telangectasia
vascular lesion formed by dilation of capillaries, resulting in irregular clusters of red lines which blanch when pressed
Thompson’s (simmond’s) test
determines if there is rupture of the Achilles tendon
- positive: squeezing calf muscle fails to produce plantarflexion
Tinel’s Sign
tingling which radiates distally with percussion of the tibial nerve
turgor
a feeling of fullness and resistance to tissue deformation
- tested by pinching the skin for several seconds and noting if it rebounds back and how long it takes to rebound to noraml (will remain tented or take longer to return to normal if dehydrated)
ungual labia
medial or lateral nail fold
Valleix’s sign
tingling which radiates proximally with percussion of the tibial nerve
Virchow’s triad
3 factors commonly associated with formation of thrombi: stasis, vessel injury (endothelial injury), hypercoagulability
Wolff’s law
final bone morphology is determined by forces acting on it
- areas of increased force are thicker and areas of decreased force are thinner
