Vocabulary Flashcards
Socialism
a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
Utopia
describing a fictional island society in the Atlantic Ocean.
Robert
Owen
Robert Owen was a Welsh social reformer and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement. He worked in the cotton industrial try in Manchester before setting up a large mill at New Lanark in Scotland.
Karl Marx
Karl Marx was a German-born scientist, philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. Born in Trier to a middle-class family, he later studied political economy and Hegelian philosophy.
Communism
a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
Proletarians
workers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).
democratic
relating to or supporting democracy or its principles.
Socialism
a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
Communist menofesto
The Communist Manifesto is an 1848 political pamphlet by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
Capatilism
an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
Thomas Mathis
The Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus FRS was an English cleric and scholar, influential in the fields of political economy and demography. Malthus himself used only his middle name, Robert.
David Ricardo
David Ricardo was a British political economist. He was one of the most influential of the classical economists, along with Thomas Malthus, Adam Smith, and James Mill.
Dictatorship
government by a dictator.
Laissez faire
a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.
Adam smith
Adam Smith FRSA was a Scottish economist, philosopher, and author. He was a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy, and was a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment era.
Fredrick Engels
Friedrich Engels was a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist, and businessman. He founded Marxist theory together with Karl Marx.
Declaration of rights of woman
The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, also known as the Declaration of the Rights of Woman, was written in 1791 by French activist, feminist
Suffrage
the right to vote in political elections.
Romanticism
movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.
Realism
Realism was an artistic movement that began in France in the 1850s, after the 1848 Revolution. Realists rejected Romanticism, which had dominated French literature and art since the late 18th century. Realism revolted against the exotic subject matter and exaggerated emotionalism and drama of the Romantic movement.
Naturalism
(in art and literature) a style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail.
Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers.
Mark twain
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer.
Cartography
the science or practice of drawing maps.
Social darwinism
the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin, FRS FRGS FLS FZS was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics. Einstein’s work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science.
Relativity
the absence of standards of absolute and universal application.
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst
Triple entente
The understanding linking the Russian empire
Kuiturkrampt
Kulturkampf is a German term referring to a set of policies enacted from 1871 to 1878 by the Prime Minister of Prussia, Otto von Bismarck, in relation to secularity and the role of the Roman Catholic Church in the Kingdom of Prussia.
Reichstag
Building is a historical edifice
Francis Joseph
Emperor of Austria
Treaty of Prague
A peace treaty
Revolution of 1905
Troops vired on a defenseless crowds
Mobilization
The action of a country
