Islam Flashcards
Astrolabe
was an inclinometer used to determine the latitude of a ship at sea by measuring the sun’s noon altitude (declination) or the meridian altitude of a star of known declination.
Mecca
Mecca, in a desert valley in western Saudi Arabia, is Islam’s holiest city, as it’s the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and the faith itself. Only Muslims are allowed in the city, with millions arriving for the annual Hajj (pilgrimage)
Medina
Medina is a city in western Saudi Arabia. In the city center, the vast Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (Prophet’s Mosque) is a major Islamic pilgrimage site. Its striking Green Dome rises above the tombs of the Prophet Muhammad and early Islamic leaders Abu Bakr and Umar.
The five pillars
1) Shahada: Testifying to God’s One-ness: The declaration “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His prophet.”
2) Salat: Prayer. General Features of Islamic Prayer. …
3) Zakat: Giving charity. Originally a free-will donation (what is no called Sadaqah ). …
4) Sawm: Fast. …
5) Hajj: Pilgrimage.
Khadijah
was the first wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. She is commonly regarded by Muslims as the “Mother of the Believers”, and was the first person to convert to Islam.
Hadith
record of the traditions or sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, revered and received as a major source of religious law and moral guidance, second only to the authority of the Qurʾān, the holy book of Islam.
Ulama
a body of Muslim scholars recognized as having specialist knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology.
Caliphate
is an area containing an Islamic steward known as a caliph ,a person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet, Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim community.
Ummayad
was the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. This caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty, hailing from Mecca.
Abbasid
was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The Abbasid dynasty descended from Muhammad’s youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, from whom the dynasty takes its name.
Caliph
A person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet
Islam
An Abrahamic monotheistic religion articulated by the Quran
Quran
Central religious text of Islam which Muslims take it as a relevation of God
Hijab
Is a veil traditionally worn by Muslim women in presence of strange me
Sheik
A leader in a Muslim community or organization
Haj
A Pilgrimage To Mecca during Dhu’l Hijja, for every Muslim who is capable of understanding it at least once his or her life
Bedouin
A nomadic Arab of the desert
Jihad
Among Muslims a war or struggle against non believers
Mosque
A Muslim place of worship
Muhammad
Considered by Muslims to be the last messenger and prophet sent by Allah to guide humanity to the right way
Shiite
The major split in Islam is that between the majority Sunnis and the minority Shiites
Sunni
A denomination of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad first caliph was his father in law Abu bakr
Abu bakr
A senior companion
The moors
A Member of her Northwestern African Muslim people of mixed bedber and Arab decent
Struggles
make forceful or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction.
Prosperous
bringing wealth and success
Porcelain
articles made of porcelain
Textiles
A type of cloth or woven fabric
Flourishing
developing rapidly and successfully; thriving.
Bazaars
a market in a Middle Eastern country
Nomadic elite
Nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes follow the animals they hunt, carrying tents with them.its their choice
Grant
To give or accord
Adultery
voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and a person who is not his or her spouse.
Restriction
a limiting condition or measure, especially a legal one.
Secluded
(of a place) not seen or visited by many people; sheltered and private.
Al-razi
was a Persian polymath, physician, alchemist, philosopher, and important figure in the history of medicine.
Ibn Khaldūn
was a North African Arab Muslim historiographer and historian
Innovations
the action or process of innovating
Muezzin
a man who calls Muslims to prayer from the minaret of a mosque.
Alhambra
The Alhambra, the complete Arabic form of which was Qalat Al-Hamra, is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain
Minaret
is a tall, slender tower that is a significant feature of every mosque, and is one of the earliest characteristics of Islamic architecture.
